Suit for Possession of Property After Termination of Licence

Updated model plaint for recovery of immovable property from a licensee after termination of licence, with claims for unpaid licence fee, occupation charges or mesne profits, subject to the facts and applicable State law.

When this possession suit format may be used

Where a person was permitted to occupy immovable property under a genuine licence and continues in occupation after the licence has been validly terminated or has otherwise come to an end, the person entitled to possession may seek appropriate civil relief for recovery of possession and, where legally maintainable, unpaid licence fee, occupation charges or mesne profits.

Important: The label used in an agreement is not conclusive. A document described as a "licence" may in law amount to a lease depending on its substance, the intention of the parties, possession and other circumstances. The Supreme Court reiterated this distinction in a judgment dated 26 February 2026. Rent-control, premises, court-fee and civil-court laws also vary by State and may affect the correct forum, valuation and remedy.

Model Plaint: Suit for Possession and Occupation Charges

Replace all blanks and bracketed instructions with the actual facts. Delete any paragraph that does not apply. The proper designation of the court must be chosen according to territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction and applicable local law.

IN THE COURT OF THE __________ AT __________

CIVIL SUIT NO. __________ OF 20__

IN THE MATTER OF:

Mr./Ms. __________
Address: __________
PLAINTIFF

VERSUS

Mr./Ms. __________
Address: __________
DEFENDANT

SUIT FOR RECOVERY OF POSSESSION, ARREARS OF LICENCE FEE / OCCUPATION CHARGES AND MESNE PROFITS

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

1. That the Plaintiff is the lawful owner/person entitled to possession of property bearing No. __________, admeasuring __________, situated at __________, more fully described in the Schedule of Property below ("suit property"). The document(s) showing the Plaintiff's title/right to possession are __________.

2. That on __________ the Plaintiff permitted the Defendant to use and occupy the suit property, together with the furniture/fixtures, if any, under a Licence Agreement dated __________. A copy of the Licence Agreement is filed as Annexure P-1.

3. That under the Licence Agreement, the Defendant was permitted to use the suit property for __________ purpose on payment of licence fee of ₹__________ per month, together with __________, on the terms stated in the agreement.

4. [Use only if applicable.] That contrary to the agreed terms, the Defendant used/started using the suit property for __________, despite the licence having been granted for __________ purpose.

5. That under Clause __________ of the Licence Agreement, the licence was terminable by __________ days/months' notice / on occurrence of __________. The Plaintiff terminated/revoked the licence by notice dated __________ with effect from __________ and called upon the Defendant to hand over vacant and peaceful possession of the suit property. A copy of the notice is filed as Annexure P-2, together with proof of service as Annexure P-3.

6. That the Defendant has failed to pay licence fee/contractual charges of ₹__________ for the period from __________ to __________, aggregating to ₹__________, despite demand.

7. That after expiry/termination of the licence and after expiry of the reasonable time available in law to leave the property and remove permitted goods, the Defendant failed to hand over vacant and peaceful possession. The Defendant's continued occupation thereafter is without the Plaintiff's permission and the Plaintiff is entitled to seek recovery of possession in accordance with law.

8. That the Plaintiff is also entitled, subject to proof and applicable law, to occupation charges/mesne profits for the period of unauthorized occupation from __________ until delivery of possession. The Plaintiff presently claims ₹__________ per month / seeks an inquiry for determination of mesne profits under Order XX Rule 12 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

9. That the cause of action first arose on __________ when __________; it further arose on __________ when the licence was terminated/expired; and continues because the Defendant has not delivered possession and/or paid the sums legally due.

10. That this Hon'ble Court has territorial jurisdiction because the suit property is situated within its jurisdiction at __________. [Add any other legally relevant jurisdictional fact.] The Court also has pecuniary jurisdiction having regard to the valuation of the reliefs and applicable local law.

11. That for purposes of court fee and jurisdiction, the relief of possession is valued at ₹__________; the claim for arrears is valued at ₹__________; and the claim concerning mesne profits/occupation charges is valued at ₹__________ or is subject to determination in accordance with law. The requisite court fee of ₹__________ is affixed, subject to the applicable Central/State court-fee and suits-valuation provisions.

12. That the suit is within limitation under the provisions applicable to the pleaded cause of action.

PRAYER

The Plaintiff therefore respectfully prays that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to:

  1. pass a decree for recovery of vacant and peaceful possession of the suit property described in the Schedule below in favour of the Plaintiff and against the Defendant;
  2. pass a decree for ₹__________ towards unpaid licence fee/contractual dues for the period from __________ to __________, together with such interest as may be legally permissible;
  3. award occupation charges/mesne profits from __________ until delivery of possession, at ₹__________ per month or at such rate as may be determined upon inquiry under Order XX Rule 12 CPC, as applicable;
  4. award costs of the suit in favour of the Plaintiff; and
  5. grant any other or further relief that this Hon'ble Court considers just and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case.

PLAINTIFF

THROUGH COUNSEL
____________________, Advocate

Place: __________
Date: __________

VERIFICATION

I, __________, the above-named Plaintiff, verify that the contents of paragraphs ___ to ___ are true to my personal knowledge, paragraphs ___ to ___ are based on records/information believed to be true, and the legal submissions are based on advice received and believed to be correct.

Verified at __________ on this ___ day of __________, 20__.

PLAINTIFF

SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY

Property No./Flat No.: __________
Floor/Area: __________
Building/Locality: __________
City/District/State: __________
Boundaries or other identifying particulars: __________

Documents commonly checked before filing

Depending on the case, relevant records may include the title/right-to-possession document, licence agreement, termination or revocation notice, proof of service, payment ledger/bank entries, communications showing default or refusal to vacate, photographs or inventory where relevant, and material supporting the claimed market occupation rate. Pleadings and annexures should be adapted to the procedural rules of the court concerned.

Official legal references

Legal-use note: This is a general drafting format, not a substitute for case-specific legal advice. A special rent-control or premises statute may exclude or alter the ordinary civil remedy. Court designation, pecuniary jurisdiction, valuation, court fee, limitation, notice requirements and pleading rules should be verified for the State and court where the suit is proposed to be filed.

Frequently asked questions

Can an owner seek possession after terminating a property licence?

Yes, where the arrangement is legally a licence and the licence has validly ended, subject to the agreement, the Indian Easements Act, applicable local law and any special statute governing the premises. Section 63 of the Easements Act also protects a licensee's reasonable time to leave and remove permitted goods after revocation.

Can licence fee, occupation charges or mesne profits be claimed?

Appropriate monetary relief may be claimed where supported by the agreement, facts and law. Order XX Rule 12 CPC permits the court, in a possession suit, to grant or direct an inquiry regarding rent or mesne profits in the circumstances stated in that provision.

Is every "leave and licence" agreement legally a licence?

No. Courts examine substance and intention rather than nomenclature alone. If the arrangement in substance creates an interest in property or otherwise answers the legal characteristics of a lease, different rights, remedies and special rent laws may apply.