Supreme Court of India | Article 136 | Respondent Pleading

Counter Affidavit to Special Leave Petition under Article 136

Updated respondent-side format for opposing a Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court of India, including preliminary objections, reply to questions of law, para-wise reply, reply to grounds and interim-relief opposition.

Current Supreme Court procedure: under Order XXI Rule 14(1) of the Supreme Court Rules, 2013, a respondent served with notice in an SLP, or a respondent who has filed a caveat, may oppose grant of leave or interim relief even without written objections. If objections are filed, the Rule prescribes filing within 30 days from receipt of notice or not later than two weeks before the hearing date, whichever is earlier.

Current rules governing a counter affidavit in an SLP

Article 136Special leave is a discretionary constitutional jurisdiction of the Supreme Court; a respondent's affidavit should therefore address why leave ought not to be granted as well as the merits where necessary.
Order XXI Rule 14(1)Written objections should focus on opposition to the questions of law and grounds in the SLP, relevant lower-court pleadings/documents, and reasons for refusing interim relief or vacating an interim order.
Time for filingThe Rule states 30 days from receipt of notice or not later than two weeks before the appointed hearing date, whichever is earlier.
Extension of timeWhere needed, an application for extension must comply with the Supreme Court Rules and Registry directions. Order V Rule 1(22) governs the Registrar's power regarding extension for filing pleadings.
Use the latest Supreme Court Rules and amendments: the Supreme Court's official Rules page presently lists the Supreme Court Rules, 2013 together with amendments issued in 2024 and 2025. Filing practice, document specifications and e-filing requirements should also be checked on the Court's current official website.

How to draft the counter affidavit effectively

A counter affidavit should respond to the SLP actually served. Generic denials should not replace a clear answer to material allegations. The respondent should identify preliminary objections first, then answer the questions of law, synopsis/list of dates where necessary, statement of facts, grounds, interim-relief grounds and prayer.

Where a fact is a matter of record, it may be stated as such. Where an allegation is denied, the material basis for the denial should ordinarily be stated. New documents should not be casually introduced as though they formed part of the record below; if additional material is necessary, the applicable Supreme Court Rules and procedure for additional documents should be followed.

The caption should use the actual case category and number shown by the Registry-for example, SLP(C), SLP(Crl.), Diary Number or other current cause-title description. The respondent number, authority of the deponent and source of knowledge should be correctly stated.

Updated counter affidavit format

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL / CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C / CRL) NO. ____ OF 20__

IN THE MATTER OF:

Name of Petitioner
...PETITIONER

VERSUS

Name of Respondent(s)
...RESPONDENT(S)

COUNTER AFFIDAVIT ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENT NO. ____

I, name of deponent, aged about ____ years, S/o / D/o / W/o ____________, presently designation, if any, residing at / having office at ____________________________________________, do hereby solemnly affirm and state as follows:

1. Authority and competence. I am Respondent No. __ / authorised officer / authorised representative in the above matter and am duly competent and authorised to swear the present counter affidavit. I am acquainted with the facts from personal knowledge / official records / both.

2. Receipt and understanding of the SLP. I have read and understood the Special Leave Petition and accompanying applications/documents. Save and except what is expressly admitted herein, the allegations, submissions and inferences contrary to this counter affidavit are denied.

3. Purpose of the counter affidavit. The present counter affidavit is filed to place the Respondent's objections to grant of special leave, correct the factual position where necessary, answer the grounds/questions raised in the SLP and oppose the interim relief sought.

PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS / SUBMISSIONS

4. No case for exercise of Article 136 jurisdiction. The Petitioner has not made out a case warranting exercise of the discretionary jurisdiction under Article 136 because state case-specific reasons: concurrent findings / absence of perversity / disputed facts / adequate reasoning / no grave miscarriage of justice / other reason.

5. Impugned judgment sustainable. The judgment/order dated ____________ passed by the High Court / Tribunal / Court is reasoned, lawful and based on the material on record. The principal findings are summarise accurately.

6. Material suppression / maintainability objection, if applicable. The SLP is liable to be rejected/dismissed because state only a legally supportable objection-delay, suppression, alternative statutory remedy, lack of locus, finality of fact findings, procedural defect, etc..

7. Record below. The Respondent relies upon the pleadings and documents forming part of the record before the court/tribunal below, including identify relevant items. Any additional document sought to be produced will be placed on record only in accordance with the applicable Supreme Court procedure.

REPLY TO QUESTIONS OF LAW

8. The alleged questions of law at Questions A to __ do not arise in the manner suggested. Without prejudice, the Respondent replies as follows:

QuestionRespondent's reply
ASpecific answer referring to the impugned judgment and governing law
BSpecific answer
CSpecific answer

REPLY TO SYNOPSIS AND LIST OF DATES

9. The synopsis and list of dates are admitted only to the extent they correctly reproduce the record. The Respondent specifically disputes identify date/event/characterisation for the following reasons: ____________.

PARA-WISE REPLY ON MERITS

10. Reply to paragraph 1: Admitted as matter of record / denied / partly admitted, followed by concise reason.

11. Reply to paragraph 2: Specific response.

12. Reply to paragraphs 3 to __: Deal separately with material averments; combine only paragraphs that genuinely call for a common reply.

REPLY TO GROUNDS

13. Ground A: The ground is denied. Give a focused response identifying the relevant finding/evidence/law.

14. Ground B: Specific reply.

15. Grounds C to __: Specific or grouped response where appropriate.

REPLY TO INTERIM RELIEF

16. The prayer for interim relief is opposed. The Petitioner has not established the requirements for such relief because state case-specific reasons concerning prima facie case, balance of convenience, irreparable prejudice, public interest, conduct, delay or consequences of stay.

17. If an interim order has already been passed, the Respondent respectfully seeks its vacation/modification because state reasons and prejudice caused.

REPLY TO PRAYER / CONCLUSION

18. In view of the facts and submissions above, it is respectfully submitted that the Special Leave Petition does not warrant grant of leave and is liable to be dismissed. The interim application(s), if any, are also liable to be dismissed / the interim order is liable to be vacated or modified, as the case may be.

PRAYER

It is therefore respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to:

a. dismiss the Special Leave Petition;

b. dismiss the application for interim relief and/or vacate or modify any interim order already operating, as may be appropriate;

c. pass such other or further order as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit in the interests of justice.

DEPONENT

VERIFICATION

I, the above-named Deponent, verify that the statements in paragraphs ____ to ____ are true to my personal knowledge, the statements in paragraphs ____ to ____ are based on records maintained in the ordinary course and believed by me to be true, and the legal submissions are based on advice received and believed to be correct. No material fact has been concealed.

Verified at ____________ on this ____ day of ____________, 20__.

DEPONENT

Practical filing checklist

  1. Use the exact Supreme Court cause title, case number/Diary Number and respondent number shown in the case record.
  2. Ensure the deponent is competent and, where an organisation or Government authority is involved, that the source of authority is clear.
  3. File within the period contemplated by Order XXI Rule 14(1), or take the appropriate procedural step if additional time is required.
  4. Answer the actual questions of law and grounds in the SLP rather than using blanket denials.
  5. Deal expressly with any application for stay, status quo, bail, exemption, condonation or other interim relief that requires opposition.
  6. Identify which facts are personal knowledge, which are derived from records and which paragraphs contain legal submissions.
  7. Use only necessary annexures and follow the Court's procedure if seeking to place additional material not forming part of the record below.
  8. Comply with current Supreme Court Rules, Registry practice, Advocate-on-Record requirements, e-filing specifications and any case-specific order.

Official Supreme Court resources

This specimen is a general drafting framework. The content must be adapted to the notice issued in the particular SLP, the actual questions and grounds raised, the impugned judgment, current Supreme Court Rules and amendments, Registry requirements and any order passed in the case.