USA 1960
India 1980
Father of PIL - P M Bhagvati
Mother of PIL - Pushpa Kapila Hingorani
First female to have portrait in Supreme Court Library, 2017
Pioneers of PIL
P N Bhagwati
V R Krishna Iyer
1st PIL in India - Husnaira Khatoon Vs State of Bihar
- Trial time to be less than Prison time
- 40,000 prisoners freed
- Right to speedy trial, Article 21
Power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void.
1. To Check if there is supremacy of constitution in ay law/ ordinance.
2. Power - Supreme Court and High Court
3. High Court - Laws by state Legislature and ordinances by Governor.
Supreme Court - All laws and ordinances
4. Under all laws that trigger judicial actions : Schedule 9
Article 13, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 32, 226, 227
Note for LLB Entrance Examinations
Muslim Law
Nikah- Muslim Marriage Conditions
Hindu Law
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956
Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956
Hindu Succession Act 1956 Notes
Special Marriage Act 1954 Notes
Historic Development of Law in India
Constitution of India
Preamble of the Constitution of India
Fundamental Rights in Constitution of India
Article 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights
Directive Principles of State Policy
Executive, Judiciary, President, VP
Extent of Powers of Union, Supreme Court etc
State Judiciary, High Court, Lower Courts
Parliament, Council of states, house of people
Introduction and passing bills, budget etc
State Legislature, Composition, duration
Bills, Money Bill, Finance Bill, Proceedings
Emergency - National, State, Financial
EC, PSC, Finance, NCSC, NCST, NCBC
Non Constitutional Bodies, Niti ayog, NHRC etc
Panchayat, Municipality, Cooperative Societies
Important amendments to the Constitution
PIL - Public Interest Litigation, Judicial Review
Doctrine of Basic Structure in Constitution
Constitution of India Schedules and Provisions
Criminal Laws
Theft, Extortion, Robbery, Cheating etc
Tress Pass, Negligence, Nuisance, Defamation
Liability - Vicarious, Strict, Absolute Liability
Crime, Stages, Elements, General Exceptions
IPC Chapter, Provisions and Sections
Crime, origin, Elements, Stages Exceptions
Indian Penal Code Sections and Description
Other Laws, International bodies etc
Law of Torts - Civil Tort, Criminal Tort
Contract Essentials valid, void, voidable
United Nations, UNGA, UNSC, ICJ, UN ECOSOC