Income-tax Act, 2025: Sections 1 to 536

Explore Sections 1 to 536 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Select a section to read its individual legal guide and explanation.

Sections 1 to 536: Titles and brief explanations

  1. Section 1Short title, extent and commencementIdentifies the Act, its application across India and commencement from 1 April 2026.
  2. Section 2DefinitionsExplains statutory meanings of important expressions used throughout the Act.
  3. Section 3Definition of tax yearDefines the tax year used for determining and reporting taxable income.
  4. Section 4Charge of income-taxEstablishes the legal basis for charging income-tax on taxable income.
  5. Section 5Scope of total incomeExplains which income is included in total income for residents and non-residents.
  6. Section 6Residence in IndiaSets out the conditions for determining residential status for tax purposes.
  7. Section 7Deemed receipts and dividendsCovers specified income deemed received and dividends treated as income in a tax year.
  8. Section 8Assets received from specified entitiesAddresses tax treatment when specified persons receive capital assets or stock-in-trade from specified entities.
  9. Section 9Income deemed to arise in IndiaIdentifies income treated as accruing or arising in India under the Act.
  10. Section 10Portuguese Civil Code spousesExplains apportionment of income between spouses governed by the Portuguese Civil Code.
  11. Section 11Incomes excluded from total incomeLists categories of income excluded from total income subject to statutory conditions.
  12. Section 12Political parties and electoral trustsDeals with qualifying income exclusions for political parties and electoral trusts.
  13. Section 13Heads of incomeClassifies taxable income under the statutory heads used for computation.
  14. Section 14Exempt income and related expenditureAddresses the treatment of income outside total income and expenditure relating to it.
  15. Section 15SalariesIntroduces the provisions governing taxation of income under the head Salaries.
  16. Section 16Income from salaryExplains which salary receipts and amounts are chargeable to tax.
  17. Section 17PerquisitesDeals with benefits and facilities treated as taxable employment perquisites.
  18. Section 18Profits in lieu of salaryCovers specified compensation and other receipts treated as profits in lieu of salary.
  19. Section 19Deductions from salariesSets out deductions available when computing taxable salary income.
  20. Section 20Income from house propertyExplains taxation of income arising from buildings and related property.
  21. Section 21Determination of annual valueSets out how annual value of house property is determined for tax purposes.
  22. Section 22House property deductionsCovers permitted deductions when computing income from house property.
  23. Section 23Arrears and unrealised rentExplains tax treatment of rent arrears and previously unrealised rent received later.
  24. Section 24Property owned by co-ownersAddresses computation where house property is owned by more than one person.
  25. Section 25House property interpretationDefines expressions relevant to the house property provisions.
  26. Section 26Business or professional incomeIdentifies income taxable as profits and gains of business or profession.
  27. Section 27Computing business profitsExplains the framework for calculating taxable business or professional profits.
  28. Section 28Rent, repairs, rates and insuranceCovers deductions for qualifying premises expenses, repairs and insurance.
  29. Section 29Employee welfare deductionsDeals with specified deductions connected with employee welfare.
  30. Section 30Deductions for certain premiumsProvides for deduction of specified premium payments subject to conditions.
  31. Section 31Bad debts and doubtful debtsExplains deductions for qualifying bad debts and specified provisions.
  32. Section 32Other business deductionsCovers additional deductions available in computing business income.
  33. Section 33Depreciation deductionExplains deduction for depreciation of eligible business assets.
  34. Section 34General deduction conditionsSets out general conditions that must be met for allowable business deductions.
  35. Section 35Amounts not deductibleIdentifies specified amounts disallowed as deductions in certain circumstances.
  36. Section 36Expenses and payments disallowedExplains restrictions on deduction of specified expenses or payments.
  37. Section 37Deductions on actual paymentCovers deductions that become allowable only upon actual payment.
  38. Section 38Deemed business profitsIdentifies specified sums treated as business or professional profits.
  39. Section 39Computation of actual costExplains how actual cost of assets is determined for tax computation.
  40. Section 40Cost of acquisition of certain assetsProvides special rules for computing acquisition cost of specified assets.
  41. Section 41Written down value of depreciable assetRead the section-wise guide to written down value of depreciable asset.
  42. Section 42Capitalising impact of foreign exchange fluctuationRead the section-wise guide to capitalising impact of foreign exchange fluctuation.
  43. Section 43Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuationRead the section-wise guide to taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation.
  44. Section 44Amortisation of certain preliminary expensesRead the section-wise guide to amortisation of certain preliminary expenses.
  45. Section 45Expenditure on scientific researchRead the section-wise guide to expenditure on scientific research.
  46. Section 46Capital expenditure of specified businessRead the section-wise guide to capital expenditure of specified business.
  47. Section 47Expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development projectRead the section-wise guide to expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development project.
  48. Section 48Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development accountRead the section-wise guide to tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account.
  49. Section 49Site Restoration FundRead the section-wise guide to site restoration fund.
  50. Section 50Special provision in case of trade, profession or similar associationRead the section-wise guide to special provision in case of trade, profession or similar association.
  51. Section 51Amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain mineralsRead the section-wise guide to amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain minerals.
  52. Section 52Amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc.Read the section-wise guide to amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc..
  53. Section 53Full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain casesRead the section-wise guide to full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain cases.
  54. Section 54Business of prospecting for mineral oilsRead the section-wise guide to business of prospecting for mineral oils.
  55. Section 55Insurance businessRead the section-wise guide to insurance business.
  56. Section 56Special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutionsRead the section-wise guide to special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutions.
  57. Section 57Revenue recognition for construction and service contractsRead the section-wise guide to revenue recognition for construction and service contracts.
  58. Section 58Special provision for computing profits and gains on presumptive basis in case of certain residentsRead the section-wise guide to special provision for computing profits and gains on presumptive basis in case of certain residents.
  59. Section 59Computation of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residentsRead the section-wise guide to computation of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residents.
  60. Section 60Deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residentsRead the section-wise guide to deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residents.
  61. Section 61Presumptive taxation of certain business activities of non-residentsRead the section-wise guide to presumptive taxation of certain business activities of non-residents.
  62. Section 62Maintenance of books of accountRead the section-wise guide to maintenance of books of account.
  63. Section 63Tax auditRead the section-wise guide to tax audit.
  64. Section 64Deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banksRead the section-wise guide to deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banks.
  65. Section 65Interpretation for purposes of section 64Read the section-wise guide to interpretation for purposes of section 64.
  66. Section 66InterpretationRead the section-wise guide to interpretation.
  67. Section 67Capital gainsRead the section-wise guide to capital gains.
  68. Section 68Capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidationRead the section-wise guide to capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidation.
  69. Section 69Capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or specified securitiesRead the section-wise guide to capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or specified securities.
  70. Section 70Transactions not regarded as transferRead the section-wise guide to transactions not regarded as transfer.
  71. Section 71Withdrawal of exemption in certain casesRead the section-wise guide to withdrawal of exemption in certain cases.
  72. Section 72Mode of computation of capital gainsRead the section-wise guide to mode of computation of capital gains.
  73. Section 73Cost with reference to certain modes of acquisitionRead the section-wise guide to cost with reference to certain modes of acquisition.
  74. Section 74Capital gains in case of depreciable assetsRead the section-wise guide to capital gains in case of depreciable assets.
  75. Section 75Cost of acquisition of depreciable assetRead the section-wise guide to cost of acquisition of depreciable asset.
  76. Section 76Capital gains on Market Linked DebenturesRead the section-wise guide to capital gains on market linked debentures.
  77. Section 77Capital gains in case of slump saleRead the section-wise guide to capital gains in case of slump sale.
  78. Section 78Stamp duty value and capital gainsRead the section-wise guide to stamp duty value and capital gains.
  79. Section 79Unquoted share transfers and fair market valueRead the section-wise guide to unquoted share transfers and fair market value.
  80. Section 80Fair market value deemed to be full value of considerationRead the section-wise guide to fair market value deemed to be full value of consideration.
  81. Section 81Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 81Open the section-wise guide for Section 81 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  82. Section 82Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 82Open the section-wise guide for Section 82 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  83. Section 83Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 83Open the section-wise guide for Section 83 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  84. Section 84Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 84Open the section-wise guide for Section 84 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  85. Section 85Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 85Open the section-wise guide for Section 85 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  86. Section 86Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 86Open the section-wise guide for Section 86 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  87. Section 87Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 87Open the section-wise guide for Section 87 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  88. Section 88Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 88Open the section-wise guide for Section 88 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  89. Section 89Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 89Open the section-wise guide for Section 89 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  90. Section 90Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 90Open the section-wise guide for Section 90 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  91. Section 91Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 91Open the section-wise guide for Section 91 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  92. Section 92Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 92Open the section-wise guide for Section 92 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  93. Section 93Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 93Open the section-wise guide for Section 93 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  94. Section 94Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 94Open the section-wise guide for Section 94 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  95. Section 95Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 95Open the section-wise guide for Section 95 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  96. Section 96Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 96Open the section-wise guide for Section 96 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  97. Section 97Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 97Open the section-wise guide for Section 97 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  98. Section 98Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 98Open the section-wise guide for Section 98 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  99. Section 99Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 99Open the section-wise guide for Section 99 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  100. Section 100Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 100Open the section-wise guide for Section 100 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  101. Section 101Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 101Open the section-wise guide for Section 101 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  102. Section 102Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 102Open the section-wise guide for Section 102 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  103. Section 103Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 103Open the section-wise guide for Section 103 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  104. Section 104Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 104Open the section-wise guide for Section 104 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  105. Section 105Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 105Open the section-wise guide for Section 105 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  106. Section 106Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 106Open the section-wise guide for Section 106 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  107. Section 107Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 107Open the section-wise guide for Section 107 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  108. Section 108Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 108Open the section-wise guide for Section 108 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  109. Section 109Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 109Open the section-wise guide for Section 109 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  110. Section 110Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 110Open the section-wise guide for Section 110 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  111. Section 111Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 111Open the section-wise guide for Section 111 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  112. Section 112Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 112Open the section-wise guide for Section 112 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  113. Section 113Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 113Open the section-wise guide for Section 113 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  114. Section 114Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 114Open the section-wise guide for Section 114 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  115. Section 115Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 115Open the section-wise guide for Section 115 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  116. Section 116Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 116Open the section-wise guide for Section 116 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  117. Section 117Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 117Open the section-wise guide for Section 117 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  118. Section 118Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 118Open the section-wise guide for Section 118 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  119. Section 119Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 119Open the section-wise guide for Section 119 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  120. Section 120Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 120Open the section-wise guide for Section 120 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  121. Section 121Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 121Open the section-wise guide for Section 121 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  122. Section 122Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 122Open the section-wise guide for Section 122 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  123. Section 123Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 123Open the section-wise guide for Section 123 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  124. Section 124Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 124Open the section-wise guide for Section 124 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  125. Section 125Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 125Open the section-wise guide for Section 125 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  126. Section 126Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 126Open the section-wise guide for Section 126 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  127. Section 127Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 127Open the section-wise guide for Section 127 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  128. Section 128Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 128Open the section-wise guide for Section 128 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  129. Section 129Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 129Open the section-wise guide for Section 129 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  130. Section 130Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 130Open the section-wise guide for Section 130 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  131. Section 131Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 131Open the section-wise guide for Section 131 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  132. Section 132Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 132Open the section-wise guide for Section 132 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  133. Section 133Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 133Open the section-wise guide for Section 133 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  134. Section 134Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 134Open the section-wise guide for Section 134 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  135. Section 135Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 135Open the section-wise guide for Section 135 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  136. Section 136Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 136Open the section-wise guide for Section 136 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  137. Section 137Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 137Open the section-wise guide for Section 137 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  138. Section 138Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 138Open the section-wise guide for Section 138 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  139. Section 139Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 139Open the section-wise guide for Section 139 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  140. Section 140Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 140Open the section-wise guide for Section 140 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  141. Section 141Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 141Open the section-wise guide for Section 141 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  142. Section 142Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 142Open the section-wise guide for Section 142 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  143. Section 143Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 143Open the section-wise guide for Section 143 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  144. Section 144Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 144Open the section-wise guide for Section 144 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  145. Section 145Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 145Open the section-wise guide for Section 145 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  146. Section 146Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 146Open the section-wise guide for Section 146 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  147. Section 147Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 147Open the section-wise guide for Section 147 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  148. Section 148Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 148Open the section-wise guide for Section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  149. Section 149Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 149Open the section-wise guide for Section 149 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  150. Section 150Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 150Open the section-wise guide for Section 150 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  151. Section 151Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 151Open the section-wise guide for Section 151 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  152. Section 152Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 152Open the section-wise guide for Section 152 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  153. Section 153Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 153Open the section-wise guide for Section 153 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  154. Section 154Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 154Open the section-wise guide for Section 154 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  155. Section 155Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 155Open the section-wise guide for Section 155 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  156. Section 156Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 156Open the section-wise guide for Section 156 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  157. Section 157Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 157Open the section-wise guide for Section 157 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  158. Section 158Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 158Open the section-wise guide for Section 158 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  159. Section 159Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 159Open the section-wise guide for Section 159 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  160. Section 160Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 160Open the section-wise guide for Section 160 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  161. Section 161Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 161Open the section-wise guide for Section 161 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  162. Section 162Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 162Open the section-wise guide for Section 162 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  163. Section 163Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 163Open the section-wise guide for Section 163 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  164. Section 164Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 164Open the section-wise guide for Section 164 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  165. Section 165Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 165Open the section-wise guide for Section 165 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  166. Section 166Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 166Open the section-wise guide for Section 166 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  167. Section 167Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 167Open the section-wise guide for Section 167 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  168. Section 168Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 168Open the section-wise guide for Section 168 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  169. Section 169Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 169Open the section-wise guide for Section 169 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  170. Section 170Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 170Open the section-wise guide for Section 170 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  171. Section 171Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 171Open the section-wise guide for Section 171 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  172. Section 172Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 172Open the section-wise guide for Section 172 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  173. Section 173Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 173Open the section-wise guide for Section 173 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  174. Section 174Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 174Open the section-wise guide for Section 174 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  175. Section 175Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 175Open the section-wise guide for Section 175 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  176. Section 176Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 176Open the section-wise guide for Section 176 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  177. Section 177Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 177Open the section-wise guide for Section 177 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  178. Section 178Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 178Open the section-wise guide for Section 178 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  179. Section 179Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 179Open the section-wise guide for Section 179 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  180. Section 180Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 180Open the section-wise guide for Section 180 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  181. Section 181Consequences of impermissible avoidance arrangementsExplains tax consequences when GAAR applies to an impermissible avoidance arrangement.
  182. Section 182Connected persons and accommodating partiesExplains treatment of connected persons and accommodating parties under GAAR.
  183. Section 183Application of GAARExplains the application of general anti-avoidance rules.
  184. Section 184GAAR definitions and interpretationDefines important terms used in the general anti-avoidance provisions.
  185. Section 185Mode of taking loans and depositsExplains restrictions on accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sums.
  186. Section 186Cash receipt restrictionsExplains restrictions on cash receipts of Rs. 2 lakh or more.
  187. Section 187Electronic payment facilitiesExplains the requirement to provide prescribed electronic payment facilities.
  188. Section 188Repayment of loans and depositsExplains prescribed modes for repayment of loans, deposits and specified advances.
  189. Section 189Definitions for payment restrictionsDefines specified sums, advances and other terms relevant to payment restrictions.
  190. Section 190Tax on income partly exempt from taxExplains tax computation where specified income is not chargeable to tax.
  191. Section 191Tax on recognised provident fund balancesExplains tax on certain accumulated recognised provident fund balances.
  192. Section 192Tax on undisclosed income in block assessmentExplains special taxation of undisclosed income in search cases.
  193. Section 193Tax on global depository receiptsExplains special tax treatment of qualifying global depository receipts.
  194. Section 194Special rates for specified incomesExplains special rates for certain categories of income.
  195. Section 195Tax on unexplained incomeExplains taxation of unexplained cash credits, investments and expenditure.
  196. Section 196Short-term capital gains taxExplains special taxation of qualifying short-term capital gains.
  197. Section 197Long-term capital gains taxExplains general long-term capital gains taxation rules.
  198. Section 198Equity long-term capital gainsExplains taxation of qualifying equity long-term capital gains.
  199. Section 199Concessional tax for manufacturing companiesExplains the optional tax regime for eligible manufacturing companies.
  200. Section 20022 percent tax regime for domestic companiesExplains the optional concessional tax regime for eligible domestic companies.
  201. Section 201Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 201Open the section-wise guide for Section 201 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  202. Section 202Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 202Open the section-wise guide for Section 202 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  203. Section 203Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 203Open the section-wise guide for Section 203 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  204. Section 204Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 204Open the section-wise guide for Section 204 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  205. Section 205Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 205Open the section-wise guide for Section 205 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  206. Section 206Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 206Open the section-wise guide for Section 206 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  207. Section 207Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 207Open the section-wise guide for Section 207 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  208. Section 208Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 208Open the section-wise guide for Section 208 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  209. Section 209Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 209Open the section-wise guide for Section 209 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  210. Section 210Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 210Open the section-wise guide for Section 210 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  211. Section 211Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 211Open the section-wise guide for Section 211 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  212. Section 212Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 212Open the section-wise guide for Section 212 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  213. Section 213Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 213Open the section-wise guide for Section 213 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  214. Section 214Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 214Open the section-wise guide for Section 214 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  215. Section 215Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 215Open the section-wise guide for Section 215 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  216. Section 216Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 216Open the section-wise guide for Section 216 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  217. Section 217Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 217Open the section-wise guide for Section 217 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  218. Section 218Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 218Open the section-wise guide for Section 218 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  219. Section 219Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 219Open the section-wise guide for Section 219 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  220. Section 220Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 220Open the section-wise guide for Section 220 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  221. Section 221Tax on income from securitisation trustsRead the section-wise guide to tax on income from securitisation trusts.
  222. Section 222Taxation of venture capital incomeRead the section-wise guide to taxation of venture capital income.
  223. Section 223Taxation of business trusts and unit holdersRead the section-wise guide to taxation of business trusts and unit holders.
  224. Section 224Taxation of investment funds and unit holdersRead the section-wise guide to taxation of investment funds and unit holders.
  225. Section 225Computation of income from qualifying shipsRead the section-wise guide to computation of income from qualifying ships.
  226. Section 226Tonnage tax schemeRead the section-wise guide to tonnage tax scheme.
  227. Section 227Computation of tonnage incomeRead the section-wise guide to computation of tonnage income.
  228. Section 228Relevant shipping income and book profitRead the section-wise guide to relevant shipping income and book profit.
  229. Section 229Depreciation and capital gains on tonnage tax assetsRead the section-wise guide to depreciation and capital gains on tonnage tax assets.
  230. Section 230Tonnage tax deductions, losses and set-offRead the section-wise guide to tonnage tax deductions, losses and set-off.
  231. Section 231Option for tonnage tax and its validityRead the section-wise guide to option for tonnage tax and its validity.
  232. Section 232Conditions for tonnage tax schemeRead the section-wise guide to conditions for tonnage tax scheme.
  233. Section 233Amalgamation and demerger under tonnage taxRead the section-wise guide to amalgamation and demerger under tonnage tax.
  234. Section 234Tax avoidance and exclusion from tonnage taxRead the section-wise guide to tax avoidance and exclusion from tonnage tax.
  235. Section 235Definitions for tonnage tax schemeRead the section-wise guide to definitions for tonnage tax scheme.
  236. Section 236Classes of income-tax authoritiesRead the section-wise guide to classes of income-tax authorities.
  237. Section 237Appointment of income-tax authoritiesRead the section-wise guide to appointment of income-tax authorities.
  238. Section 238Control of income-tax authoritiesRead the section-wise guide to control of income-tax authorities.
  239. Section 239Instructions to subordinate authoritiesRead the section-wise guide to instructions to subordinate authorities.
  240. Section 240Taxpayer's CharterRead the section-wise guide to taxpayer's charter.
  241. Section 241Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 241Open the section-wise guide for Section 241 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  242. Section 242Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 242Open the section-wise guide for Section 242 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  243. Section 243Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 243Open the section-wise guide for Section 243 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  244. Section 244Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 244Open the section-wise guide for Section 244 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  245. Section 245Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 245Open the section-wise guide for Section 245 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  246. Section 246Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 246Open the section-wise guide for Section 246 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  247. Section 247Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 247Open the section-wise guide for Section 247 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  248. Section 248Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 248Open the section-wise guide for Section 248 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  249. Section 249Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 249Open the section-wise guide for Section 249 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  250. Section 250Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 250Open the section-wise guide for Section 250 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  251. Section 251Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 251Open the section-wise guide for Section 251 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  252. Section 252Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 252Open the section-wise guide for Section 252 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  253. Section 253Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 253Open the section-wise guide for Section 253 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  254. Section 254Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 254Open the section-wise guide for Section 254 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  255. Section 255Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 255Open the section-wise guide for Section 255 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  256. Section 256Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 256Open the section-wise guide for Section 256 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  257. Section 257Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 257Open the section-wise guide for Section 257 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  258. Section 258Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 258Open the section-wise guide for Section 258 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  259. Section 259Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 259Open the section-wise guide for Section 259 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  260. Section 260Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 260Open the section-wise guide for Section 260 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  261. Section 261Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 261Open the section-wise guide for Section 261 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  262. Section 262Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 262Open the section-wise guide for Section 262 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  263. Section 263Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 263Open the section-wise guide for Section 263 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  264. Section 264Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 264Open the section-wise guide for Section 264 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  265. Section 265Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 265Open the section-wise guide for Section 265 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  266. Section 266Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 266Open the section-wise guide for Section 266 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  267. Section 267Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 267Open the section-wise guide for Section 267 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  268. Section 268Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 268Open the section-wise guide for Section 268 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  269. Section 269Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 269Open the section-wise guide for Section 269 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  270. Section 270Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 270Open the section-wise guide for Section 270 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  271. Section 271Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 271Open the section-wise guide for Section 271 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  272. Section 272Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 272Open the section-wise guide for Section 272 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  273. Section 273Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 273Open the section-wise guide for Section 273 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  274. Section 274Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 274Open the section-wise guide for Section 274 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  275. Section 275Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 275Open the section-wise guide for Section 275 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  276. Section 276Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 276Open the section-wise guide for Section 276 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  277. Section 277Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 277Open the section-wise guide for Section 277 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  278. Section 278Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 278Open the section-wise guide for Section 278 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  279. Section 279Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 279Open the section-wise guide for Section 279 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  280. Section 280Income-tax Act, 2025 - Section 280Open the section-wise guide for Section 280 of the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  281. Section 281Procedure before reassessment noticeRead the section-wise guide to procedure before reassessment notice.
  282. Section 282Time limit for reassessment noticesRead the section-wise guide to time limit for reassessment notices.
  283. Section 283Reassessment following appellate ordersRead the section-wise guide to reassessment following appellate orders.
  284. Section 284Sanction for reassessment noticeRead the section-wise guide to sanction for reassessment notice.
  285. Section 285Other reassessment provisionsRead the section-wise guide to other reassessment provisions.
  286. Section 286Time limit for completing assessmentsRead the section-wise guide to time limit for completing assessments.
  287. Section 287Rectification of mistakeRead the section-wise guide to rectification of mistake.
  288. Section 288Other amendments to assessmentsRead the section-wise guide to other amendments to assessments.
  289. Section 289Notice of demandRead the section-wise guide to notice of demand.
  290. Section 290Modification and revision of demand noticeRead the section-wise guide to modification and revision of demand notice.
  291. Section 291Intimation of lossRead the section-wise guide to intimation of loss.
  292. Section 292Assessment of undisclosed income after searchRead the section-wise guide to assessment of undisclosed income after search.
  293. Section 293Computation of undisclosed incomeRead the section-wise guide to computation of undisclosed income.
  294. Section 294Procedure for block assessmentRead the section-wise guide to procedure for block assessment.
  295. Section 295Undisclosed income of another personRead the section-wise guide to undisclosed income of another person.
  296. Section 296Time limit for block assessmentRead the section-wise guide to time limit for block assessment.
  297. Section 297Certain interest and penalties not leviedRead the section-wise guide to certain interest and penalties not levied.
  298. Section 298Interest and penalty in block assessmentRead the section-wise guide to interest and penalty in block assessment.
  299. Section 299Authority competent for block assessmentRead the section-wise guide to authority competent for block assessment.
  300. Section 300Application of other provisionsRead the section-wise guide to application of other provisions.
  301. Section 301Block period and undisclosed incomeRead the section-wise guide to block period and undisclosed income.
  302. Section 302Tax liability of legal representativesRead the section-wise guide to tax liability of legal representatives.
  303. Section 303Representative assesseeRead the section-wise guide to representative assessee.
  304. Section 304Liability of representative assesseeRead the section-wise guide to liability of representative assessee.
  305. Section 305Right to recover tax paidRead the section-wise guide to right to recover tax paid.
  306. Section 306Agent of a non-residentRead the section-wise guide to agent of a non-resident.
  307. Section 307Unknown shares of beneficiariesRead the section-wise guide to unknown shares of beneficiaries.
  308. Section 308Oral trustRead the section-wise guide to oral trust.
  309. Section 309Computation of AOP or BOI member shareRead the section-wise guide to computation of aop or boi member share.
  310. Section 310Tax treatment of AOP or BOI member shareRead the section-wise guide to tax treatment of aop or boi member share.
  311. Section 311Tax rate where AOP or BOI member shares are unknownRead the section-wise guide to tax rate where aop or boi member shares are unknown.
  312. Section 312Taxation of income of deceased person's estateRead the section-wise guide to taxation of income of deceased person's estate.
  313. Section 313Business succession and tax liabilityRead the section-wise guide to business succession and tax liability.
  314. Section 314Modified return after business reorganisationRead the section-wise guide to modified return after business reorganisation.
  315. Section 315Assessment after HUF partitionRead the section-wise guide to assessment after huf partition.
  316. Section 316Taxation of non-resident shipping businessRead the section-wise guide to taxation of non-resident shipping business.
  317. Section 317Assessment of persons leaving IndiaRead the section-wise guide to assessment of persons leaving india.
  318. Section 318Assessment on dissolution of AOP or BOIRead the section-wise guide to assessment on dissolution of aop or boi.
  319. Section 319Assessment where property is transferred to avoid taxRead the section-wise guide to assessment where property is transferred to avoid tax.
  320. Section 320Assessment of discontinued businessRead the section-wise guide to assessment of discontinued business.
  321. Section 321Who Pays Tax After an Association Is Dissolvedassessment of dissolved associations of persons, member liability, penalties and pending tax proceedings.
  322. Section 322What Are a Liquidator's Tax Duties30-day notice, tax reserve, asset distribution restrictions, personal liability and IBC exception for liquidators.
  323. Section 323When Are Directors Liable for Company TaxSection 323 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: when private company directors face joint and several tax liability, available defence, and tax due definition.
  324. Section 324How Is a Firm TaxedUnderstand Section 324 of the Income-tax Act 2025: charge of income tax on assessable firms, total income, applicable rates and related firm assessment rules.
  325. Section 325When Is a Firm Assessed as a Firmpartnership deed, partners shares, certified copies, changes in constitution and consequences of non-compliance.
  326. Section 326What If a Firm Fails to Comply With Section 325consequences of firm non-compliance with Section 325, disallowance of partner remuneration and tax treatment.
  327. Section 327When Does a Firm Change ConstitutionSection 327 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: partner admission, retirement, profit-sharing changes, assessment of reconstituted firms and death exceptions.
  328. Section 328How Is Succession of One Firm by Another TaxedSection 328 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: separate assessments of predecessor and successor firms, section 313 rules, liability and examples.
  329. Section 329Are Partners Personally Liable for Firm TaxUnderstand Section 329 of the Income-tax Act 2025: joint and several liability of partners and deceased partners legal representatives for firm tax, penalties and dues.
  330. Section 330What Happens When a Firm Is Dissolvedassessment after firm dissolution, penalty, partners joint liability, pending proceedings and section 302(4).
  331. Section 331When Are LLP Partners Personally Liable for Unpaid Taxwhen LLP partners face joint and several liability for unrecovered tax, interest, penalties and the statutory defence.
  332. Section 332How Can an NGO Obtain RegistrationNGO and charitable trust registration, eligibility, application deadlines, validity, renewal, condonation and tax consequences.
  333. Section 333Can an NGO Switch Tax Exemption Regimeswhen NGO registration ceases, how exemptions under Schedules III and VII interact, and conditions for switching regimes.
  334. Section 334How Is a Registered NGO Taxed30% tax on specified income, applicable rates for taxable regular and residual income, and NPO tax rules.
  335. Section 335What Is Regular Income of a Registered NGOUnderstand Section 335 of the Income-tax Act 2025: five categories of regular income of registered non-profit organisations, donations, property income and commercial gains.
  336. Section 336When Is NGO Income TaxableSection 336 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: 85% application or accumulation rule, taxable regular income formula, examples and related NGO provisions.
  337. Section 337What Counts as Specified Income of a Registered NGOUnderstand Section 337 of the Income-tax Act 2025: 13 categories of specified income of registered NGOs, applicable tax years, anonymous donations and violations.
  338. Section 338Which Income Is Excluded from an NGO's Regular Incomeexclusion of approved overseas application of income and qualifying corpus donations from registered NGO regular income.
  339. Section 339When Does an NGO Donation Qualify as a Corpus DonationUnderstand corpus donations under Section 339 of the Income-tax Act 2025: donor direction, permitted investments under Section 350 and exclusion under Section 338.
  340. Section 340When Are Donations for Renovation of Places of Worship Deemed CorpusUnderstand Section 340 of the Income-tax Act 2025: when donations for renovation or repair of notified places of worship qualify as deemed corpus and four statutory conditions.
  341. Section 341What Qualifies as Application of Income by a Registered NGOUnderstand Section 341 of the Income-tax Act 2025: eligible application of NGO income, 85% donation rule, corpus and loan repayments, deemed application and capital gains.
  342. Section 342How Can an NGO Accumulate Income for Future Charitable PurposesNGO income accumulation, statement filing deadline, five-year limit, permitted investments and change of purpose.
  343. Section 343How Is 15% of NGO Income Deemed AccumulatedUnderstand Section 343 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: 15% deemed accumulation of regular NGO income, permitted investments under Section 350 and distinction from Section 342.
  344. Section 344How Is Business Income of a Registered NGO DeterminedUnderstand Section 344 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: Assessing Officer powers to determine income of a business undertaking held as property by a registered NGO.
  345. Section 345When Can a Registered NGO Carry On Commercial Activitieswhen registered non-profit organisations may conduct incidental commercial activities and why separate books are mandatory.
  346. Section 346Can Public Utility NGOs Undertake Commercial ActivitiesSection 346 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: when public utility NGOs may undertake commercial activities, the 20% receipts cap and separate books requirement.
  347. Section 347When Must a Registered NGO Maintain Books of AccountSection 347 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: when registered non-profit organisations must maintain books of account and documents, prescribed rules and compliance.
  348. Section 348When Is an Audit Mandatory for a Registered NGOUnderstand Section 348 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: NGO audit threshold, qualified accountant, prescribed audit report, filing deadline and related compliance rules.
  349. Section 349When Must a Registered NGO File Its Income-Tax ReturnUnderstand Section 349 of the Income-tax Act 2025: when registered non-profit organisations must file income-tax returns, income threshold, Section 263 deadlines and Finance Act 2026 amendment.
  350. Section 350Where Can a Registered NGO Invest or Deposit Its Fundspermitted investment and deposit modes for registered NGOs under Schedule XVI, government notifications and compliance.
  351. Section 351What Violations Can Lead to Cancellation of NGO Registrationseven specified violations, inquiry and hearing requirements, cancellation of NGO registration, and the six-month order deadline.
  352. Section 352When Must an NGO Pay Tax on Accreted IncomeUnderstand Section 352 of the Income-tax Act 2025: tax on NGO accreted income, net asset valuation, nine triggering events, 14-day payment deadline and interest.
  353. Section 353What Are the Tax Consequences of NGO Compliance ViolationsUnderstand Section 353 of the Income-tax Act 2025: NGO violations involving accounts, audit, returns and commercial activities, taxable income and allowed expenditure.
  354. Section 354How Can an NGO Obtain Approval for Donor Tax Deductionseligibility for donor deduction approval, seven conditions, application deadlines, approval validity and rejection procedure.
  355. Section 355What Do Key NGO Tax Terms Meandefinitions of anonymous donation, related person, commercial activity, registration, residual income and specified assets.
  356. Section 356Which Orders Can Be Appealed to the Joint Commissioner (Appeals)appealable orders before Joint Commissioner (Appeals), exclusions, transfers, rehearing and faceless appeal scheme.
  357. Section 357Which Orders Can Be Appealed to the Commissioner (Appeals)Understand Section 357 of the Income-tax Act 2025: 18 categories of appealable orders before the Commissioner (Appeals), exclusions, penalties and appeal procedure.
  358. Section 358What Is the Time Limit and Fee for Filing an Income Tax Appeal30-day appeal deadline, Rs. 250 to Rs. 1,000 filing fees, delay condonation and tax-payment conditions for JC(A) and CIT(A).
  359. Section 359How Are Income Tax Appeals Heard and DecidedUnderstand Section 359 of the Income-tax Act 2025: appeal hearing notices, representation, adjournments, additional grounds, written orders and one-year disposal target.
  360. Section 360What Powers Do the Commissioner (Appeals) and Joint Commissioner (Appeals) HaveExplore Section 360 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: powers of CIT(A) and JC(A) to confirm, reduce, enhance or annul assessments and penalties, and hearing safeguards.
  361. Section 361How Is the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal ConstitutedUnderstand Section 361 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: ITAT constitution, Judicial and Accountant Members, President, Vice-Presidents and appointment rules.
  362. Section 362Who Can Appeal to the ITAT and What Is the Time Limitappealable ITAT orders, two-month filing limit, 30-day cross-objections, appeal fees, delay condonation and stay fee.
  363. Section 363What Orders Can the ITAT Pass and When Can It Grant StayUnderstand Section 363 of the Income-tax Act 2025: ITAT orders, rectification within six months, stay of demand, 20% deposit or security and 365-day limit.
  364. Section 364How Are ITAT Benches Constituted and Appeals HeardITAT Bench composition, single-member cases up to Rs. 50 lakh, Special Benches, split decisions and Tribunal powers.
  365. Section 365When Can an ITAT Order Be Appealed to the High CourtHigh Court appeals against ITAT orders, substantial questions of law, 120-day limitation, delay condonation and procedure.
  366. Section 366How Many Judges Must Hear a High Court Tax Appealtwo-judge High Court bench for tax appeals under Section 365, majority decisions and resolving judicial disagreement.
  367. Section 367When Can an Income Tax Appeal Go to the Supreme CourtSupreme Court appeals from High Court tax appeal judgments, the fitness certificate and related procedures.
  368. Section 368How Are Supreme Court Tax Appeals HeardUnderstand Section 368 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: Supreme Court appeal procedure under the CPC, appeal costs and effect of a reversed High Court judgment.
  369. Section 369Must Tax Be Paid During a High Court or Supreme Court AppealSection 369 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 explained: why assessed tax remains payable despite an appeal to the High Court or Supreme Court, with examples and FAQs.
  370. Section 370How Are Supreme Court Appeal Costs EnforcedSection 370 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 explained: how the High Court may transmit a Supreme Court costs order to a subordinate court for execution on petition.
  371. Section 371Can an Appeal Change a Member's AssessmentUnderstand Section 371 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: amendment or fresh assessment of AOP or BOI members after appeals under Sections 356, 357 or 362.
  372. Section 372Is Time to Obtain an Order Copy Excluded from Appeal Limitationexclude the day of service and, where no order copy was supplied with notice, the time required to obtain the copy when calculating appeal or application limitation.
  373. Section 373When Can the Tax Department File an AppealUnderstand Section 373 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: CBDT monetary limits for departmental appeals, non-filing, no acquiescence and Tribunal or Court review.
  374. Section 374Which High Court Has JurisdictionSection 374 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 defines High Court for every State and specified Union Territories. Check the nine statutory jurisdiction rules.
  375. Section 375Can Repetitive Appeals on the Same Legal Question Be Avoideddeclaration for identical questions of law in another tax year, admission, appeal waiver and final decision.
  376. Section 376Can the Department Defer an Appeal on an Identical Legal Questioncollegium decision, assessee acceptance, 120-day application and deferred departmental appeals with 60/120-day deadlines.
  377. Section 377When Can an Assessment Be Revisedrevision of erroneous orders prejudicial to revenue, hearing rights, two-year limitation, exceptions and definitions.
  378. Section 378How Can an Assessee Seek Revisionwho can seek revision, one-year application limit, Rs. 500 fee, appeal restrictions, condonation and disposal deadline.
  379. Section 379Who Can Apply to the Dispute Resolution CommitteeDispute Resolution Committee eligibility, Rs. 10 lakh variation, Rs. 50 lakh income, relief and assessment orders.
  380. Section 380What Is an Advance Ruling and Who Can ApplySection 380 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: definitions of advance ruling, applicant, application, Board for Advance Rulings and Member, with examples.
  381. Section 381Who Constitutes the Board for Advance RulingsCentral Government constitution of Boards for Advance Rulings, two-member composition and Chief Commissioner rank.
  382. Section 382Does a Vacancy Invalidate an Advance Rulingvacancies or defects in the constitution of the Board for Advance Rulings do not, merely for that reason, invalidate proceedings or rulings.
  383. Section 383How to Apply for an Advance Rulinglearn how to apply for an advance ruling using Form 120, the prescribed fee under Rule 200, and the 30-day withdrawal rule.
  384. Section 384When Can an Advance Ruling Application Be Rejectedadvance ruling application scrutiny, rejection grounds, right to hearing, six-month ruling deadline and certified copies.
  385. Section 385Can Tax Authorities Decide an Issue Pending Advance Rulingbar on income-tax authorities and ITAT deciding issues in a resident applicant's advance ruling application under Section 383(1).
  386. Section 386When Is an Advance Ruling Voidwhen fraud or misrepresentation makes an advance ruling void ab initio, consequences and communication of orders.
  387. Section 387What Powers Does the Board for Advance Rulings HaveSection 387 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: civil court powers of the Board for Advance Rulings, judicial proceedings, BNSS and BNS provisions.
  388. Section 388Can the Board for Advance Rulings Set Its Own ProcedureSection 388 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 explained: procedural powers of the Board for Advance Rulings, statutory limits, applications, hearings and related sections.
  389. Section 389How to Appeal an Advance Ruling to the High Courtappeal against a Board for Advance Rulings decision to the High Court within 60 days, with up to 30 days further time.
  390. Section 390How Are TDS, TCS and Advance Tax CreditedUnderstand Section 390 of the Income-tax Act 2025: TDS, TCS, advance tax, employer-paid perquisite tax, assessment, tax credit and CBDT rules.
  391. Section 391When Must an Assessee Pay Tax DirectlyUnderstand Section 391 of the Income-tax Act 2025: direct tax payment when TDS does not apply or is not deducted, eligible start-up ESOPs, and deductor default.
  392. Section 392How Is TDS Deducted on Salary and PFSection 392 of Income-tax Act 2025 explained: salary TDS at average tax rate, perquisites, multiple employers, eligible start-ups, provident fund withdrawals and 10% TDS.
  393. Section 393What Are the TDS Rates and LimitsUnderstand Section 393 TDS on rent, property, interest, commission, professional fees, contractors, dividends, non-resident payments and winnings, with rates and thresholds.
  394. Section 394What Are the TCS Rates and ExemptionsSection 394 TCS rates for scrap, liquor, timber, motor vehicles, foreign remittances and overseas tours in 2026. Learn thresholds, exemptions and collection timing.
  395. Section 395How to Obtain Lower or Nil TDS CertificatesLearn Section 395 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: lower or nil TDS certificates, lower TCS, non-resident payments, TDS/TCS certificates and 2026 electronic applications.
  396. Section 396Is TDS Treated as Income ReceivedLearn Section 396 of the Income-tax Act 2025: why TDS and qualifying foreign tax withheld are deemed income received, with exceptions and examples.
  397. Section 397What Are the TDS and TCS Compliance RulesSection 397 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: TAN registration, PAN rules, higher TDS/TCS without PAN, tax deposits, statements and corrections.
  398. Section 398What Happens If TDS or TCS Is Not PaidTDS/TCS default, accountant certificate relief, 1% and 1.5% monthly interest, limitation and penalty.
  399. Section 399How Are TDS and TCS Statements ProcessedSection 399 of Income-tax Act 2025 explained: processing TDS/TCS returns, corrections, interest, fees, refunds, intimations and the one-year deadline.
  400. Section 400When Can TDS or TCS Be Reduced or WaivedExplore Section 400 Income-tax Act 2025: government TDS/TCS relaxation notifications, binding CBDT guidelines, non-resident payments and certificate rules.
  402. Section 401Tds direct tax demand protectionRead the section-wise legal guide to tds direct tax demand protection under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  404. Section 402Interpretation tds tcs definitionsRead the section-wise legal guide to interpretation tds tcs definitions under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  406. Section 403Liability for payment of advance taxRead the section-wise legal guide to liability for payment of advance tax under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  408. Section 404Advance tax threshold 10000Read the section-wise legal guide to advance tax threshold 10000 under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  410. Section 405How to calculate advance taxRead the section-wise legal guide to how to calculate advance tax under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  412. Section 406Payment advance tax own accordRead the section-wise legal guide to payment advance tax own accord under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  414. Section 407Advance tax assessing officer orderRead the section-wise legal guide to advance tax assessing officer order under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  416. Section 408Advance tax instalments due datesRead the section-wise legal guide to advance tax instalments due dates under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  418. Section 409Advance tax defaultRead the section-wise legal guide to advance tax default under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  420. Section 410Credit for advance taxRead the section-wise legal guide to credit for advance tax under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  422. Section 411Tax demand payment defaultRead the section-wise legal guide to tax demand payment default under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  424. Section 412Penalty tax defaultRead the section-wise legal guide to penalty tax default under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  426. Section 413Tax recovery officer certificateRead the section-wise legal guide to tax recovery officer certificate under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  428. Section 414Tax recovery officer jurisdictionRead the section-wise legal guide to tax recovery officer jurisdiction under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  430. Section 415Stay tax recovery certificateRead the section-wise legal guide to stay tax recovery certificate under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  432. Section 416Other modes tax recoveryRead the section-wise legal guide to other modes tax recovery under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  434. Section 417Recovery through state governmentRead the section-wise legal guide to recovery through state government under the Income-tax Act, 2025.
  435. Section 418Can India Recover Foreign Tax Dues?Understand Section 418 of the Income-tax Act 2025: how India recovers foreign tax dues, seeks overseas recovery of Indian tax, and uses Section 413 certificates.
  436. Section 419How Are Penalties, Fines and Interest Recovered?Section 419 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: recovery of penalties, fines, interest and other sums as tax arrears, procedures, definitions and taxpayer rights.
  437. Section 420Who Needs a Tax Clearance Certificate?Section 420 Income-tax Act 2025 explained: who needs a tax clearance certificate before leaving India, exceptions, employer undertakings, PAN and approval safeguards.
  438. Section 421Can Tax Arrears Be Recovered by Suit or Other Law?Can the Government recover income tax arrears through a civil suit or another law? Understand Section 421 of the Income-tax Act 2025, parallel recovery and safeguards.
  439. Section 422Can Tax Arrears Be Recovered from a Non-Resident's Assets in India?Section 422 Income-tax Act 2025 explained: recovery of non-resident tax arrears through deduction and assets in India, representative assessee rules and examples.
  440. Section 423How Is Interest for Late Filing of ITR Calculated?Section 423 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: 1% monthly interest on late income tax returns, calculation formula, due dates, tax credits, reassessment and examples.
  441. Section 424When Is Interest Payable on Advance Tax?Understand Section 424 of the Income-tax Act 2025: when 1% monthly interest applies for unpaid or short-paid advance tax, the 90% rule, assessed tax and examples.
  442. Section 425When Is Interest Payable for Deferment of Advance Tax?Section 425 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: advance tax instalment dates, 3% and 1% interest, 12% and 36% relief, presumptive tax and examples.
  443. Section 426When Is Interest Charged on Excess Refund?Section 426 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: when excess income-tax refunds attract 0.5% monthly interest, calculation examples, assessment and relief.
  444. Section 427What Is the Late Filing Fee for TDS and TCS Statements?Section 427 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Rs. 200 per day for delayed TDS and TCS statements, the tax-amount cap, and Rs. 1 lakh cap for SFT defaults.
  445. Section 428What Are the Late Filing Fees?Section 428 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Rs. 1,000 or Rs. 5,000 late ITR fee, tax audit delay fees and accountant report defaults under Finance Act 2026.
  446. Section 429When Is a Rs. 200 Daily Fee Payable?Section 429 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Rs. 200 per day fee for delayed statements or certificates by research institutions and approved funds, cap and payment rules.
  447. Section 430What Is the Fee for Late Aadhaar Intimation?Section 430 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: fee up to Rs. 1,000 for late Aadhaar number intimation under Section 262(6), PAN compliance and practical guidance.
  448. Section 431Who Can Claim an Income Tax Refund?Section 431 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: eligibility for tax refunds, excess tax calculation, proof, return filing, special claims and interest on refunds.
  449. Section 432Who Can Claim a Refund in Special Cases?Section 432 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: who claims a refund when income is clubbed, or a taxpayer dies, becomes incapacitated or enters insolvency.
  450. Section 433How to Claim an Income Tax Refund?Section 433 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: claim income tax refunds through a return under Section 263, filing limits, special cases and practical steps.
  451. Section 434How Can a Payer Claim Refund of TDS Paid to Government?Section 434 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: who can claim refund of TDS borne by payer, 30-day deadline, Form 160, Rule 230 and Assessing Officer procedure.
  452. Section 435Is a Refund Automatic After an Appeal?Section 435 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: automatic refund after appeal, fresh assessment and annulled assessment exceptions, examples and related provisions.
  453. Section 436Can a Refund Claim Challenge a Final Assessment?Section 436 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: why a refund claim cannot reopen a final assessment, permitted relief, examples and related refund provisions.
  454. Section 437How Is Interest on Income Tax Refunds Calculated?Section 437 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: 0.5% monthly refund interest, starting dates, 10% threshold, additional 3% interest, examples and exclusions.
  455. Section 438Can a Tax Refund Be Adjusted or Withheld?Section 438 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: refund adjustment against outstanding tax dues, written intimation, withholding during assessment, approval and Finance Act 2026 changes.
  456. Section 439When Is a 50% or 200% Penalty Imposed?Section 439 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: 50% penalty for under-reporting, 200% for misreporting, calculation, exclusions, Finance Act 2026 changes and remedies.
  457. Section 440How to Obtain Penalty Waiver and Prosecution Immunity?Section 440 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: penalty waiver, prosecution immunity, additional tax of 100% or 120%, eligibility, deadlines and appeals.
  458. Section 441What Is the Penalty for Not Maintaining Books of Account?Section 441 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: Rs. 25,000 penalty for failure to maintain or retain books under Section 62, compliance duties and remedies.
  459. Section 442What Is the Penalty for Transfer Pricing Documentation Defaults?Section 442 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: 2% penalty for missing or incorrect transfer pricing documentation and Rs. 5 lakh penalty under Section 171(4).
  460. Section 443Is the Penalty on Unexplained Income Still Applicable?Section 443 of the Income-tax Act 2025 was omitted from 1 April 2026. Understand the Finance Act 2026 change, unexplained income, Section 439 penalties and Section 195 tax.
  461. Section 444What Is the Penalty for False Entries in Books of Account?Section 444 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: 100% penalty for false or omitted book entries, fake invoices, liability of persons causing entries and examples.
  462. Section 445When Can a Non-Profit Organisation Face a 100% or 200% Penalty?Section 445 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: penalty on registered non-profit organisations for benefits to related persons, 100% and 200% rates, examples and procedure.
  463. Section 446What Is the Penalty for Crypto-Asset Reporting Defaults?Section 446 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Rs. 200 daily penalty for late crypto-asset statements, Rs. 50,000 for inaccurate information and Section 509 duties.
  464. Section 447Is the Rs. 1 Lakh Penalty Still Applicable?Section 447 Income Tax Act 2025 omitted by Finance Act 2026. Learn about the former Rs. 1 lakh penalty for accountant report defaults under Section 172.
  465. Section 448What Is the Penalty for Failure to Deduct TDS?Understand Section 448 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: penalty equal to tax not deducted, special payment defaults, Section 393 references, examples and FAQs.
  466. Section 449What Is the Penalty for Failure to Collect TCS?Section 449 Income-tax Act 2025 explained: penalty equal to tax not collected at source, when TCS defaults arise, legal definitions, examples and FAQs.
  467. Section 450What Is the Penalty for Accepting Cash Loans?Learn Section 450 of the Income-tax Act 2025: 100% penalty for loans, deposits and property advances accepted contrary to Section 185, Rs. 20,000 threshold, exceptions and reasonable cause.
  468. Section 451What Is the Penalty for Cash Receipts of Rs. 2 Lakh or More?What is the penalty under Section 451 of the Income Tax Act 2025? Learn the Rs. 2 lakh cash receipt limit under Section 186, exceptions, examples and reasonable cause relief.
  469. Section 452When Is Rs. 5,000 Daily Penalty Imposed?Rs. 5,000 daily penalty for not offering prescribed electronic payment modes, Section 187 turnover limit and reasonable cause relief.
  470. Section 453What Is the Penalty for Repaying a Loan or Deposit in Cash?Can a loan, deposit or property advance be repaid in cash? Understand Section 453 penalty equal to the repayment, Section 188 limits, exceptions and reasonable cause.
  471. Section 454What Is the Penalty for Late SFT Filing After Notice?Rs. 1,000 daily penalty capped at Rs. 1 lakh for failure to furnish SFT or reportable account after notice under Section 508(7).
  472. Section 455What Is the Penalty for Incorrect SFT Reporting?What is the penalty under Section 455 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Understand Rs. 50,000 for inaccurate SFT reporting, Rs. 5,000 per reportable account, Section 508 and relief.
  473. Section 456When Is Rs. 5 Lakh Penalty Imposed on Eligible Investment Funds?Rs. 5 lakh penalty for eligible investment funds failing to file statements or documents under Schedule I.
  474. Section 457What Is the 2% Penalty for Missing Transfer Pricing Documents?2% penalty for failure to furnish transfer pricing information under Section 171(2), examples and reasonable cause relief.
  475. Section 458What Is the Penalty for Failure to Report Indirect Transfers?penalty of 2% of transaction value or Rs. 5 lakh for an Indian concern failing to report under Section 506.
  476. Section 459What Is the Penalty for Late Country-by-Country Reporting?CbCR penalties under Section 511, Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 50,000 daily defaults, Rs. 5 lakh inaccurate report penalty and relief.
  477. Section 460What Is the Penalty for Late Filing of a Liaison Office Statement?What is the penalty under Section 460 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Learn Form 162 filing deadlines, Rs. 1,000 daily penalty, Rs. 1 lakh penalty and reasonable-cause relief.
  478. Section 461What Is the Penalty for Late or Incorrect TDS and TCS Statements?What is the penalty under Section 461 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Learn the Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 1 lakh penalty, one-month exception, reasonable cause and TDS/TCS filing rules.
  479. Section 462What Is the Penalty for Not Reporting Payments to Non-Residents?What is the Rs. 1 lakh penalty under Section 462 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Learn Section 397(3)(d), Form 145, Form 146, Rule 220 and reasonable-cause relief.
  480. Section 463What Is the Penalty for Incorrect Reports or Certificates?What is the Rs. 10,000 penalty under Section 463 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Learn who is liable, report-wise penalties, statutory definitions and remedies.
  481. Section 464What Is the Penalty for Failure to Furnish Statements?Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 1 lakh penalty for reporting defaults by research institutions and approved funds under Sections 45 and 354.
  482. Section 465What Is the Penalty for Non-Compliance with Tax Notices?Rs. 10,000 per default, Rs. 500 daily penalty, summons, information returns, statutory limits and reasonable-cause relief.
  483. Section 466What Is the Penalty for Not Providing Information During a Tax Survey?Rs. 25,000 maximum penalty for failure to comply with Section 254 information collection, reasonable cause and procedure.
  484. Section 467What Is the Penalty for PAN and Aadhaar Non-Compliance?What is the penalty under Section 467 of the Income-tax Act 2025? Learn Rs. 10,000 PAN and Aadhaar penalties, defaults, reasonable cause and compliance.
  485. Section 468What Is the Penalty for TAN Non-Compliance?Rs. 10,000 penalty for TAN defaults, false TAN quotation, Section 397 duties, reasonable cause and remedies.
  486. Section 469When Can Tax Penalties Be Waived?penalty waiver for voluntary disclosure, genuine hardship, approval limits, 12-month decision deadline and procedure.
  487. Section 470When Can Tax Penalties Be Avoided for Reasonable Cause?reasonable cause defence, covered penalties, evidence required, Finance Act 2026 amendment and penalty hearing rights.
  488. Section 471Is a Hearing Mandatory Before a Tax Penalty?mandatory penalty hearing, Joint Commissioner approval, penalty order procedure and Finance Act 2026 changes.
  489. Section 472What Is the Time Limit for Imposing Penalties?six-month quarter-end limitation for penalty orders, appeals, revisions, hearing rights and excluded periods.
  490. Section 473What Is the Punishment for Violating a Search Order?contravention of search orders under Section 247(4), simple imprisonment up to two years and fine, and Finance Act 2026 changes.
  491. Section 474What Happens If Search Inspection Is Denied?Can refusal to provide books or electronic records during an income tax search lead to jail? Section 474 explained with the 2026 amendment, penalties and safeguards.
  492. Section 475Can Concealing Property to Prevent Tax Recovery Lead to Imprisonment?Can hiding or transferring assets to prevent income tax recovery lead to jail? Section 475 explained with Section 413, punishment, Finance Act 2026 and examples.
  493. Section 476What Is the Punishment for Failure to Deposit TDS?What happens if TDS is not deposited? Section 476 Income Tax Act 2025 explained with Finance Act 2026 punishment slabs, exemptions, examples and prosecution rules.
  494. Section 477What Is the Punishment for Failure to Deposit TCS?punishment for failure to deposit TCS, Rs. 10 lakh and Rs. 50 lakh thresholds, exception under Section 477(2), and Finance Act 2026 changes.
  495. Section 478What Is the Punishment for Wilful Tax Evasion?wilful tax evasion, under-reporting, false entries, Finance Act 2026 punishment thresholds and prosecution.
  496. Section 479What Is the Punishment for Wilful Failure to File an Income Tax Return?punishment for wilful failure to file ITR, tax evasion thresholds, Section 479(2) exceptions and Finance Act 2026 changes.
  497. Section 480What Is the Punishment for Not Filing a Block Period Return?wilful failure to file undisclosed income return for a block period, Section 294 notice, punishment and Finance Act 2026.
  498. Section 481Can Failure to Comply with a Special Audit or Inventory Valuation Lead to Prosecution?wilful non-compliance with special audit or inventory valuation under Section 268(5), punishment, safeguards and Finance Act 2026.
  499. Section 482Can a False Tax Verification Lead to Prosecution?knowingly false tax verification or statements, imprisonment and fines under Finance Act 2026, examples and legal safeguards.
  500. Section 483Can Falsifying Books of Account to Help Another Person Evade Tax Lead to Jail?Can falsifying books to help another person evade income tax lead to jail? Section 483 explained with ingredients, punishment under Finance Act 2026 and examples.
  501. Section 484Can Helping Someone File a False Return Lead to Prosecution?What is the punishment for abetting a false income tax return? Section 484 explained with Finance Act 2026 thresholds, legal ingredients and examples.
  502. Section 485What Is the Punishment for Repeat Tax Offences?Can a second income-tax prosecution lead to jail? Section 485 explained: repeat convictions, covered offences, 6 months to 3 years simple imprisonment and fine.
  503. Section 486Can Reasonable Cause Prevent TDS or TCS Prosecution?reasonable cause defence against prosecution for failure to deposit TDS under Section 476 or TCS under Section 477.
  504. Section 487When Are Directors Liable for Company Tax Offences?when companies, directors, partners and officers face prosecution, due diligence defence and statutory definitions.
  505. Section 488When Can a Karta or HUF Member Be Prosecuted?explains liability of a Hindu undivided family karta and members for tax offences, defences and due diligence.
  506. Section 489Presumption About Seized Assets, Books and Digital EvidenceUnderstand Section 489 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: evidentiary presumptions for assets, records and electronic data found in searches or requisitioned for tax prosecutions.
  507. Section 490When Is Criminal Intent Presumed in Tax Prosecution?explains presumption of culpable mental state, burden of proof and the beyond-reasonable-doubt defence in tax prosecution.
  508. Section 491Is Prior Sanction Required Before Tax Prosecution?Understand Section 491 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: prior sanction for prosecution, competent authorities, penalty waiver protection and compounding of tax offences.
  509. Section 492Which Tax Offences Are Non-Cognizable?Learn which tax offences are non-cognizable under Section 492 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, police powers under BNSS 2023, sanction and prosecution procedure.
  510. Section 493How Can Income-tax Records Be Proved in Criminal Prosecution?Understand Section 493 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: admissibility of tax records, original documents, certified copies and evidence in prosecution.
  511. Section 494Can a Public Servant Disclose Confidential Taxpayer Information?unauthorised disclosure of taxpayer information, Section 258(3), punishment after Finance Act 2026 and prosecution sanction.
  512. Section 495How Are Special Courts Designated for Tax Prosecution?designation of Special Courts, High Court consultation, Judicial Magistrates and joint trials under BNSS 2023.
  513. Section 496Which Tax Offences Must Be Tried by a Special Court?exclusive trial by designated Special Courts, authorised complaints, cognizance and pending cases under section 520.
  514. Section 497When Is a Tax Offence Tried as a Summons Case?Special Court summons-case trials for offences punishable up to two years or with fine, under BNSS 2023.
  515. Section 498BNSS Procedure and Public Prosecutors in Special CourtsUnderstand Section 498 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: BNSS rules for Special Courts, bail, bonds, Public Prosecutors, Special Public Prosecutors and seven-year practice requirement.
  516. Section 499Can Property Transfers Be Void Against Tax Dues?void transfers of assets during tax proceedings, buyer protection, AO permission, monetary limits and definitions.
  517. Section 500When Can the Tax Department Provisionally Attach Property?provisional attachment of property, approval, six-month validity, extensions, bank guarantee, valuation and remedies.
  518. Section 501of Income Tax Act 2025: How Are Income-tax Notices Legally Served?Section 501 of Income Tax Act 2025 explained: valid methods of serving tax notices, email and electronic service, prescribed addresses and taxpayer rights.
  519. Section 502Is a Tax Notice Valid Without a Signature?Section 502 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: authentication of notices, electronic communication, signatures and designated income-tax authorities.
  520. Section 503Who Receives Tax Notices After HUF Partition or Firm Dissolution?Section 503 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: service of tax notices after HUF total partition, firm dissolution or dissolution of an association of persons.
  521. Section 504Who Receives a Tax Notice After Business Closure?Section 504 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: who receives tax notices after business closure, assessment under Section 320 and notice under Section 268(1).
  522. Section 505Must a Liaison Office File an Annual Statement?Section 505 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: annual statement by non-resident liaison offices in India, Rule 234, Form 162, filing duties and penalties.
  523. Section 506When Must an Indian Concern Report an Offshore Transfer?Section 506 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Indian concern reporting of indirect transfers of Indian assets, prescribed disclosures and Section 458 penalties.
  524. Section 507Who Must Report Film and Event Payments?Section 507 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: film producers, OTT and event organisers must report aggregate payments exceeding Rs. 50,000 under prescribed rules.
  525. Section 508Who Must File SFT and Reportable Account Statements?Section 508 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: SFT and reportable account filing, reporting persons, defective statements, correction deadlines and penalties.
  526. Section 509Who Must Report Crypto-Asset Transactions?Section 509 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: crypto-asset reporting entities, transaction statements, 30-day defect notices, 10-day corrections and compliance.
  527. Section 510of Income-tax Act, 2025: How to Check Your Annual Information Statement?Section 510 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Annual Information Statement, registered e-filing account, reported transactions, AIS verification and taxpayer compliance.
  528. Section 511Who Must File a Country-by-Country Report?Section 511 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: country-by-country reporting by international groups, Indian constituent entities, deadlines, exemptions and penalties.
  529. Section 512When Can Taxpayer Names Be Published?Section 512 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: public interest disclosure of taxpayer names, penalty appeal safeguards and publication of partners or directors.
  530. Section 513Can a Registered Valuer Represent an Assessee?Section 513 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: when a registered valuer may appear for an assessee, the personal attendance exception and registration under Section 514.
  531. Section 514How to Register as a Valuer?Section 514 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: valuer registration, eligibility, Form 169, Rs. 10,000 fee, impartial valuation and prescribed reports.
  532. Section 515Who Can Represent an Assessee?Section 515 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: who can act as an authorised representative, written authorisation, personal appearance, disqualification and appeals.
  533. Section 516How Is Income Tax Rounded Off?Section 516 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: rounding total income, tax payable and refunds to the nearest Rs. 10 with worked examples and FAQs.
  534. Section 517Is a Tax Payment Receipt Mandatory?Section 517 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: mandatory receipts for tax paid or recovered, payment evidence, challans and steps if a receipt is missing.
  535. Section 518When Is a Person Indemnified for Tax Deduction?Section 518 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: indemnity for lawful deduction, retention or payment of tax on another person's income, with examples.
  536. Section 519When Is Immunity from Prosecution Granted?Section 519 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: Central Government immunity from prosecution and penalties, full disclosure conditions and withdrawal of immunity.
  537. Section 520Which Court Can Try Tax Offences?Section 520 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: minimum court rank for trying income-tax offences, Judicial Magistrate First Class and Special Court jurisdiction.
  538. Section 521Is Probation Available for Tax Offences?Section 521 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: restrictions on probation for convicted tax offenders, BNSS Section 401 and the exception for persons under 18.
  539. Section 522Can a Defective Tax Notice Be Valid?Section 522 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: defective tax notices, assessments, DIN errors and electronic approvals under the Finance Act 2026.
  540. Section 523Can a Defective Tax Notice Be Challenged?Section 523 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 explained: when participation validates service of a tax notice, exceptions, timely objections and assessment proceedings.
  541. Section 524Can Seized Records Be Presumed True?Section 524 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: presumptions for seized assets, books, electronic records, crypto assets, signatures and requisitioned documents.
  542. Section 525Is a Joint Search Warrant Valid?Section 525 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: joint search authorisation, requisition under Sections 247 and 248, and separate tax assessments for named persons.
  543. Section 526Can a Civil Court Set Aside a Tax Order?Section 526 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: bar on civil suits against tax orders, good-faith protection for officers, appeals and judicial review.
  544. Section 527Who Gets Mineral Oil Tax Exemptions?Section 527 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: government tax exemptions, reduced rates and special treatment for petroleum and natural gas exploration and production.
  545. Section 528Can Delayed Approval Be Condoned?Section 528 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: when the Central Government or CBDT can condone delay in obtaining statutory approval, sufficient cause and practical steps.
  546. Section 529Can Tax Approval Be Withdrawn?Section 529 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: who can withdraw tax approval, recorded reasons, mandatory hearing, taxpayer safeguards and remedies.
  547. Section 530What If Tax Rates Are Not Enacted?Section 530 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: what happens if the annual tax charging law is not enacted by 1 April and which provision benefits the assessee.
  548. Section 531Can Union Territory Tax Exemptions Be Withdrawn?Understand Section 531 of the Income-tax Act, 2025: Central Government power to rescind earlier Union Territory tax exemptions granted under Section 294A.
  549. Section 532Can Government Frame Faceless Schemes?Section 532 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: power to frame faceless tax schemes, modify procedures by notification, adapt older schemes and parliamentary oversight.
  550. Section 533What Rules Can CBDT Make?Section 533 of the Income-tax Act 2025 explained: CBDT rule-making powers, prescribed tax procedures, estimated income and limits on retrospective rules.
  551. Section 534Can Parliament Modify Tax Rules?Section 534 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: rules and notifications laid before Parliament for 30 days, modification, annulment and safeguards.
  552. Section 535How Are Difficulties Removed?Understand Section 535 of the Income-tax Act 2025: Central Government orders to remove implementation difficulties, three-year deadline and Parliament oversight.
  553. Section 536of Income Tax Act 2025: What Happens to Pending Tax Cases?Section 536 Income Tax Act 2025 explained: repeal of the 1961 Act, pending assessments and appeals, refunds, losses, MAT credit and transitional savings.