Section 46 of the Benami Act: Appeals to Appellate Tribunal
Updated for the current text of the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988.
Section 46 of the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 provides the statutory right of appeal to the Appellate Tribunal against specified orders of the Adjudicating Authority and, under sub-section (1A), against orders passed by the authority under Section 54A.
Section 46 at a glance
- An aggrieved person, including the Initiating Officer, may appeal against an order under Section 26(3).
- The normal limitation period is 45 days from receipt of the order.
- Section 46(1A) separately provides an appeal against an order under Section 54A.
- Delay may be condoned where sufficient cause prevented filing within time.
- The Tribunal may affirm, vary or reverse the adjudication order and may exercise specified evidentiary and procedural powers.
- As far as possible, the appeal should be finally decided within the statutory one-year period described in sub-section (5).
Meaning and scope of Section 46
Section 46 creates the appellate remedy before the Appellate Tribunal. The provision identifies who may appeal, the orders that may be challenged, the limitation period, the Tribunal's power to condone delay, and the powers available while deciding the appeal.
The expression "Appellate Tribunal" is defined in Section 2(3) of the Act as the Appellate Tribunal established under Section 30. The expression "Adjudicating Authority" is defined in Section 2(1).
Current text of Section 46 - Appeals to Appellate Tribunal
(1) Any person, including the Initiating Officer, aggrieved by an order of the Adjudicating Authority may prefer an appeal, in the prescribed form and with the prescribed fee, to the Appellate Tribunal against an order passed by the Adjudicating Authority under Section 26(3), within 45 days from the date on which the order is received by the Initiating Officer or by such person.
(1A) Any person aggrieved by an order passed by the authority under Section 54A may prefer an appeal, in the prescribed form and with the prescribed fee, to the Appellate Tribunal against that order within 45 days from the date on which the order is received by such person.
(2) The Appellate Tribunal may entertain an appeal after the 45-day period if it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from filing the appeal in time.
(3) After receiving an appeal, the Appellate Tribunal may give the parties an opportunity of being heard and pass such orders as it thinks fit.
(4) While deciding the appeal, the Appellate Tribunal has power:
(a) to determine the case finally where the evidence on record is sufficient;
(b) to take additional evidence, or require evidence to be taken by the Adjudicating Authority, where evidence that ought to have been admitted was refused;
(c) to require production of documents or examination of witnesses for the proceeding;
(d) to frame issues considered essential for adjudication and refer them to the Adjudicating Authority for determination; and
(e) to pass final orders affirming, varying or reversing the adjudication order and to pass other orders necessary to meet the ends of justice.
(5) As far as possible, the Appellate Tribunal may hear and finally decide the appeal within one year from the last date of the month in which the appeal is filed.
Important amendment to the limitation rule
The present wording of Section 46(1) ties the 45-day limitation period to receipt of the order. The earlier wording referred to the date of the order. The provision was amended with effect from 1 April 2023. Section 46(1A), dealing with an appeal against an order under Section 54A, was inserted with effect from 1 September 2019 and was also amended so that limitation runs from receipt of the order.
How the appeal process works
- Identify the appealable order: Section 46(1) applies to an order under Section 26(3). Section 46(1A) applies to an order under Section 54A.
- Calculate limitation from receipt: the ordinary period is 45 days from the date of receipt by the relevant appellant.
- Use the prescribed form and fee: the appeal must comply with the applicable statutory rules and prescribed filing requirements.
- Explain any delay: if filed late, the appellant should establish sufficient cause for condonation under Section 46(2).
- Prepare the appellate record: the Tribunal may decide on the existing record, admit or call for additional evidence, require documents or witnesses, and frame issues for determination.
Related provisions
Section 46 should be read with Section 45 on the bar of civil court jurisdiction, Section 47 on rectification of mistakes, Section 48 on representation, and Section 49 on appeal to the High Court.
Legal reference
For the authoritative and updated statutory text, refer to the official India Code version of the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988. Statutory amendments and applicable rules should be checked before filing any appeal.