Criminal Procedure | Revision | BNSS 2023

Criminal Revision Petition under Section 438 BNSS, 2023

Updated specimen for seeking revisional scrutiny of the correctness, legality or propriety of a criminal court finding, sentence or order before the Sessions Court or High Court.

Current law: the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 has been in force from 1 July 2024. The provision corresponding broadly to former Section 397 CrPC is now Section 438 BNSS, while Sessions Judge revisional powers are in Section 440 and High Court revisional powers are in Section 442.

Criminal revision under the BNSS

Section 438 - calling for recordsThe High Court or Sessions Judge may call for and examine the record of an inferior criminal court to test the correctness, legality or propriety of a finding, sentence or order and the regularity of proceedings.
No revision against interlocutory ordersSection 438(2) bars exercise of revisional power against an interlocutory order passed in an appeal, inquiry, trial or other proceeding.
No second revision by the same personUnder Section 438(3), once a person applies to either the High Court or Sessions Judge, a further revision application by that same person to the other is not maintainable.
Sessions / High Court powersSections 440 and 442 set out the revisional powers of the Sessions Judge and High Court. The precise relief depends on the nature of the impugned order and statutory limitations.
CrPC transition: proceedings saved by Section 531 BNSS may continue under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Therefore, an older or saved matter may still properly invoke Section 397 CrPC. The filing provision should be selected from the law applicable to the particular proceeding rather than mechanically changing every pending case to BNSS.

Limitation and maintainability

Article 131 of the Limitation Act, 1963 generally prescribes 90 days for an application to a court for revision of a judgment, decree or order, calculated from the date of the judgment, decree or order sought to be revised, subject to the Limitation Act's provisions on computation, exclusion and condonation where applicable.

Before filing, identify whether the challenged order is final, intermediate or merely interlocutory; whether an appeal is specifically provided; whether the applicant has already approached another revisional forum; and whether any special statute modifies the ordinary revisional framework.

Revision against closure or final-report order

If the revision challenges acceptance of a police closure/final report or an order that effectively terminates proceedings, plead the exact police report, the order passed by the Magistrate, the complainant/informant's participation, any protest petition or objections, and the specific procedural or jurisdictional error. Avoid generic allegations that are unrelated to the impugned order.

The earlier page was drafted around a particular FIR/closure-report fact pattern. The format below preserves that useful structure but makes it adaptable to any legally revisable criminal order.

Updated criminal revision petition format

IN THE COURT OF THE SESSIONS JUDGE / HIGH COURT OF ____________
CRIMINAL REVISION PETITION NO. ____ OF 20__

Case/FIR No.: ____________
Police Station: ____________
Impugned Order dated: ____________

IN THE MATTER OF:

Name of Revisionist
Full address
...REVISIONIST/PETITIONER

VERSUS

State of ____________
Through State/Prosecution authority

Private Respondent, if necessary
Address
...RESPONDENT(S)

CRIMINAL REVISION PETITION UNDER SECTION 438 READ WITH SECTION 440 / SECTION 442 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023

AGAINST THE ORDER DATED ____________ PASSED BY THE LEARNED ____________ IN CASE NO. ____________

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

1. That the present revision is directed against the order dated ____________ passed by the Learned name/designation of court in case/FIR/complaint number, whereby the Learned Court briefly state operative effect of impugned order.

2. That the Revisionist is complainant/informant/accused/other affected person and is aggrieved by the impugned order because briefly state prejudice and legal error.

3. That the material facts leading to the impugned order are as follows: chronological facts in short numbered paragraphs.

4. That, where the matter arises from an FIR/police report, FIR No. ____________ dated ____________ was registered at Police Station ____________ for the alleged offences under BNS / other applicable penal law sections.

5. That after investigation, the investigating agency filed charge-sheet/final report/closure report/other police report dated ____________ before the Learned Magistrate.

6. That the Learned Trial Court thereafter passed the impugned order dated ____________. The relevant operative portion is reproduced/summarised as follows: ____________________________________________.

7. That the impugned order is contrary to law and the record for the grounds set out below.

GROUNDS

  1. Because the impugned order suffers from jurisdictional error. The Learned Court exercised jurisdiction not vested in it / failed to exercise jurisdiction lawfully vested in it inasmuch as state precise error.
  2. Because relevant material was ignored. The Learned Court failed to consider specific document/evidence/submission which had a direct bearing on the issue.
  3. Because irrelevant considerations were relied upon. The finding at paragraph ____ proceeds on state irrelevant or legally impermissible consideration.
  4. Because the procedure adopted caused material prejudice. The Revisionist was denied notice/hearing/opportunity mandated by the applicable procedure, resulting in failure of justice.
  5. Because the finding is legally unsustainable. The conclusion that state finding is inconsistent with the governing statutory provision and the material on record.
  6. Because the order is non-speaking / inadequately reasoned. The material objections at identify submissions have not been dealt with.
  7. Because the order results in manifest illegality, impropriety or irregularity warranting revisional interference under Section 438 BNSS.

8. Maintainability. The impugned order is not a purely interlocutory order barred by Section 438(2) BNSS and the present revision is maintainable for the following reasons: ____________________________________________.

9. No second revision. The Revisionist states that no revision application by the Revisionist against the same impugned order has previously been filed before the other revisional forum, subject to the following disclosure, if any: ____________________________________________.

10. Limitation. The impugned order was passed on ____________. The present petition is within limitation / is accompanied by an application for condonation of delay setting out sufficient cause.

11. That no other proceeding seeking substantially identical revisional relief is pending, except state details, if any.

PRAYER

In view of the facts and grounds stated above, it is respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to:

a. call for the record of case/proceeding from the Court of the Learned ____________;

b. examine the correctness, legality and propriety of the impugned order dated ____________;

c. set aside / modify the impugned order and pass such consequential direction, including remand or further inquiry where legally permissible, as the facts require;

d. pending disposal of the revision, suspend the operation/execution of the impugned order or grant such interim protection as is permissible in law; and

e. pass any other order deemed just and proper in the interests of justice.

REVISIONIST/PETITIONER

THROUGH COUNSEL

Advocate: ____________

Place: ____________
Date: ____________

VERIFICATION

I, name of Revisionist, the Revisionist above named, verify that paragraphs ____ to ____ are true to my knowledge, paragraphs ____ to ____ are based on records/legal advice believed to be true, and that nothing material has been concealed.

Verified at ____________ on ____________.

REVISIONIST

AFFIDAVIT

I, name, aged about ____ years, son/daughter/spouse of ____________, resident of ____________________________________________, do hereby solemnly affirm:

1. I am the Revisionist in the accompanying criminal revision petition and am acquainted with the facts and competent to swear this affidavit.

2. The accompanying revision petition has been prepared under my instructions. Its factual contents are true to my knowledge and record, and legal submissions are based on advice received and believed to be correct.

3. The annexures filed with the petition are true copies of their respective originals / electronic records, subject to the applicable rules of the Court.

4. I have disclosed any other proceeding concerning the same impugned order in the revision petition.

DEPONENT

VERIFICATION OF AFFIDAVIT

Verified at ____________ on this ____ day of ____________, 20__, that the contents of this affidavit are true and correct to my knowledge and belief and nothing material has been concealed.

DEPONENT

Documents commonly filed with a criminal revision

  1. Certified/true copy of the impugned order.
  2. Relevant complaint, FIR, police report/charge-sheet/closure report or application giving rise to the order.
  3. Material pleadings, objections, protest petition and orders necessary to understand the controversy.
  4. Documents relied upon in the grounds of revision.
  5. Application for interim relief/stay, if required.
  6. Delay-condonation application where the petition is beyond the applicable limitation period.
  7. Affidavit, index, memo of parties, court-fee/process forms and e-filing documents required by the relevant High Court/Sessions Court rules.

Important BNSS provisions

Section 438Calling for records to exercise powers of revision; interlocutory-order bar; prohibition against a second revision by the same person before the alternate revisional forum.
Section 439Power to order further inquiry in the circumstances specified by the provision.
Sections 440-442Sessions Judge, Additional Sessions Judge and High Court revisional powers.
Sections 444-445Hearing of parties and certification of the High Court's revisional order to the lower court.
Section 528Saves the inherent powers of the High Court; it is distinct from ordinary statutory revision.
Sections 530-531Electronic-mode proceedings and repeal/savings, including transition from CrPC to BNSS.

Official legal resources

Court nomenclature, filing requirements, affidavit form, court fee and e-filing procedure vary by High Court and State. For a proceeding instituted before 1 July 2024 or otherwise saved, verify whether the CrPC continues to govern under Section 531 BNSS.