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What is Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document What is Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts Section 93 and 94 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document and Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts are defined under section 93 and 94 of Indian Evidence Act 1872. Provisions under these sections are:

Section 93 of Evidence Act "Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document"

When the language used in a document is, on its face, ambiguous or defective, evidence may not be given of facts which would show its meaning or supply its defects.


 

Illustrations

(a) A agrees, in writing, to sell a horse to B for "Rs. 1,000 or Rs. 1,500".
Evidence cannot be given to show which price was to be given.

(b) A deed contains blanks. Evidence cannot be given of facts which would show how they were meant to be filled.

 

Section 94 of Evidence Act "Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts"

When language used in a document is plain in itself, and when it applies accurately to existing facts, evidence may not be given to show that it was not meant to apply to such facts.

Illustrations

A sells to B, by deed, "my estate at Rampur containing 100 bighas". A has an estate at Rampur containing 100 bighas. Evidence may not be given of the fact that the estate meant to be sold was one situated at a different place and of a different size.

 

Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document Section 91 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement Section 92 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document What is Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts Section 93 and 94 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts What is Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons Section 95 and 96 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc Section 97 and 98 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document What is Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act, relating to wills Section 96 and 100 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Burden of proof On whom burden of proof lies Section 101 and 102 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Burden of proof as to particular fact Is Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible Section 103 and 104 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions What is Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge Section 105 and 106 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years Section 107 and 108 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

What is Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent Who has Burden of proof as to ownership Section 109 and 110 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

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