Section 91 of Evidence Act "Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document"
When the terms of a contract, or of a grant, or of any other disposition of property, have been reduced to the form of a document, and in all cases in which any matter is required by law to be reduced to the form of a document, no evidence shall be given in proof of the terms of such contract, grant or other disposition of property, or of such matter, except the document itself, or secondary evidence of its contents in cases in which secondary evidence is admissible under the provisions hereinbefore contained.
Exception 1. When a public officer is
required by law to be appointed in writing, and when it is
shown that any particular person has acted as such officer,
the writing by which he is appointed need not be proved.
Exception 2. Wills [ admitted to probate in [India] may be
proved by the probate.
Explanation 1- This section applies equally to cases in
which the contracts grants or dispositions of property
referred to are contained in one document and to cases in
which they are contained in more documents than one.
Explanation 2Where there are more originals
than one, one original only need be proved.
Explanation 3. The statement, in any document whatever, of
a fact other then the facts referred to in this section,
shall, not preclude the admission of oral evidence as to the
same fact.
Illustration
(a) If a contract be contained in several letters, all the
letters in which it is contained must be proved.
(b) If a contract is contained in a bill of exchange, the
bill of exchange must be proved.
(c) If a bill of exchange is drawn in set of three, one only
need be proved.
(d) A contracts, in writing, with B, for the delivery of
indigo upon certain terms. The contract mentions the fact
that B had paid A the price of other indigo contracted for
verbally on another occasion.
Oral evidence is offered that no payment was
made for the other indigo. The evidence is admissible.
(e) A gives B receipt for money paid by B.
Oral evidence is offered of the payment.
The evidence is admissible.
What is Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement Section 92 of Indian Evidence Act 1872
What is Burden of proof On whom burden of proof lies Section 101 and 102 of Indian Evidence Act 1872