Section 192 - Representation of principal by sub-agent properly appointed, Section 193 - Agent's responsibility for sub-agent appointed without authority : Indian Contract Act 1872

What is Representation of principal by sub-agent properly appointed? What is Agent's responsibility for sub-agent appointed without authority? Section 192 and 193 of Indian Contract Act 1872

Section 192 of Indian Contract Act 1872 : "Representation of principal by sub-agent properly appointed"

192. Where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is, so far as regards third person, represented by the sub-agent, and is bound by and responsible for his acts, as if he were an agent originally appointed by the principal.

Agent's responsibility for sub-agent.-The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent.

Sub-agent's responsibility.-The sub-agent is responsible for his acts to the agent, but not to the principal, except in case of fraud or wilful wrong.

Section 193 of Indian Contract Act 1872 : "Agent's responsibility for sub-agent appointed without authority"

193. Where an agent, without having authority to do so, has appointed a person to act as a sub-agent, the agent stands towards such person in the relation of a principal to an agent, and is responsible for his acts both to the principal and to third persons; the principal is not represented by or responsible for the acts of the person so employed, nor is that person responsible to the principal.