Articles 79 to 122 of the Constitution of India: Parliament
Articles 79 to 122 form part of Part V, Chapter II of the Constitution of India and contain the principal constitutional provisions governing the Parliament of India. They deal with the constitution and composition of Parliament, qualifications and disqualifications of members, presiding officers, parliamentary privileges, legislative procedure, Money Bills, financial business and parliamentary proceedings.
Constitutional framework:
Article 79 provides that Parliament for the Union consists of the President and two Houses - the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The succeeding Articles regulate the composition, functioning, legislative powers and procedure of Parliament.
Articles 79 to 122 - Chapter II: Parliament
The links below provide subject-wise access to Articles 79 to 122 of the Constitution of India. They are grouped according to related constitutional provisions for easier reading and reference.
Articles 90 and 91 - Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Vacation, resignation and removal of the Deputy Chairman and performance of the duties of Chairman.
Articles 92 and 93 - Presiding Officers of Parliament
Chairman or Deputy Chairman not to preside during consideration of a removal resolution and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Articles 94 and 95 - Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Vacation, resignation and removal from office and performance of the duties of Speaker.
Articles 96 and 97 - Removal Proceedings, Salaries and Allowances
Restrictions on presiding during removal proceedings and salaries and allowances of parliamentary presiding officers.
Articles 98, 99 and 100 - Secretariat, Oath, Voting and Quorum
Secretariat of Parliament, oath or affirmation by members, voting, vacancies and quorum.
Articles 101, 102 and 103 - Seats and Disqualification of Members
Vacation of seats, disqualifications for membership and decisions on questions of disqualification.
Articles 104, 105 and 106 - Penalty, Privileges and Salaries
Penalty for unauthorised sitting or voting, powers and privileges of Parliament, and salaries and allowances of members.
Articles 107 and 108 - Bills and Joint Sitting
Introduction and passing of Bills and joint sitting of both Houses in specified cases.
Articles 109, 110 and 111 - Money Bills and Assent to Bills
Special procedure for Money Bills, definition of a Money Bill and assent to Bills.
Articles 112, 113 and 114 - Budget and Appropriation
Annual financial statement, parliamentary procedure concerning estimates and Appropriation Bills.
Articles 115 and 116 - Grants and Votes on Account
Supplementary, additional or excess grants, votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
Articles 117, 118 and 119 - Financial Bills and Parliamentary Procedure
Special provisions concerning Financial Bills, rules of procedure and regulation of procedure relating to financial business.
Articles 120, 121 and 122 - Language, Discussion and Parliamentary Proceedings
Language used in Parliament, restrictions on discussion and constitutional protection of parliamentary proceedings from inquiry on grounds of procedural irregularity.
What do Articles 79 to 122 cover?
These Articles establish the constitutional framework for the Union Parliament. The provisions begin with the composition of Parliament and the two Houses and proceed through membership, sessions, parliamentary officers, voting, disqualification, privileges and legislative procedure.
Articles 107 to 111 principally concern the introduction and passage of legislation, joint sittings, Money Bills and presidential assent. Articles 112 to 117 contain important provisions governing the Union's financial and budgetary procedure. Articles 118 to 122 deal with parliamentary procedure, language, restrictions on particular discussions and the constitutional status of proceedings in Parliament.
Meaning of Parliament under Article 79
Article 79 is the starting provision of Chapter II. It establishes a Parliament for the Union consisting of the President and two Houses known as the Council of States and the House of the People. The Council of States is commonly known as the Rajya Sabha and the House of the People as the Lok Sabha.
Why Articles 79 to 122 are important
Together, these constitutional provisions define the institutional structure and core procedures through which Parliament performs its legislative and financial functions. They also regulate membership, parliamentary offices, voting and quorum, privileges, the passage of Bills and constitutional safeguards relating to parliamentary proceedings.
Official text:
For authoritative constitutional wording and amendment footnotes, readers should verify the relevant provision from the current Constitution published by the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.
