Articles 361 to 395 of Constitution of India 1949

Articles 361 to 395 cover several important constitutional subjects, including protections attached to high constitutional offices, interpretation and definitions, the procedure for constitutional amendment, special provisions for specified States, transitional arrangements, and the short title, commencement and repeals provisions of the Constitution.

Current constitutional text: The Legislative Department's 2024 Constitution edition states that the text incorporates amendments up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Readers should consult the official Constitution text for authoritative wording and amendment footnotes.

Part XIX - Miscellaneous: Articles 361 to 367

Part XIX contains miscellaneous constitutional provisions. Article 361 deals with protection of the President and Governors in relation to the exercise and performance of official powers and duties, subject to the qualifications stated in the Constitution. Article 361A protects publication of substantially true reports of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures, subject to its constitutional conditions. Articles 363 to 365 address specified treaty-related disputes, cessation of recognition of former rulers, special provisions concerning major ports and aerodromes, and the constitutional effect of failure to comply with Union directions.

Articles 361 and 361A: Protection of President and Governors; protection of publication of legislative proceedings Articles 363 and 363A: Certain treaty and agreement disputes; abolition of recognition of rulers and privy purses Articles 364 and 365: Major ports and aerodromes; failure to comply with Union directions Articles 366 and 367: Constitutional definitions and interpretation

Part XX - Amendment of the Constitution: Article 368

Article 368 provides Parliament's constituent power and the procedure for amendment of the Constitution. Depending on the subject of an amendment, the Constitution requires the prescribed special majority in Parliament and, for specified federal provisions, ratification by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States.

Articles 368 and 369: Constitutional amendment procedure and temporary legislative power under Article 369

Part XXI - Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

Part XXI contains temporary, transitional and special provisions. It includes Article 370 concerning Jammu and Kashmir and Articles 371 to 371J containing special provisions for specified States. It also contains provisions designed to preserve legal and institutional continuity at the commencement of the Constitution.

Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to Jammu and Kashmir Article 371: Special provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat Article 371A: Special provision for Nagaland Articles 371B and 371C: Special provisions for Assam and Manipur Articles 371D and 371E: Special provisions concerning Andhra Pradesh and establishment of a Central University Article 371F: Special provisions for Sikkim Articles 371G, 371H and 371I: Special provisions for Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa Articles 372 and 372A: Continuance and adaptation of existing laws Articles 373 and 374: Preventive detention orders and transitional provisions concerning the Federal Court Articles 375 and 376: Continuance of courts, authorities and officers; High Court Judges Articles 377 and 378: Transitional provisions concerning the Comptroller and Auditor-General and Public Service Commissions Articles 378A to 392: Remaining transitional provisions and power to remove difficulties

Part XXII - Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

Article 393 gives the short title, Article 394 deals with commencement, Article 394A provides for the authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi, and Article 395 repeals the enactments specified in that Article. The original page grouped Articles 393, 394 and 395; Article 394A is also included here so that the current structure of Part XXII is accurately described.

Articles 393, 394 and 395: Short title, commencement and repeals

Official Constitution Resources

For authoritative constitutional text, amendment footnotes and current official publications, refer to the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, and India Code. The official 2024 edition records incorporation of amendments up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023.

This page is an informational index and overview. For legal interpretation or litigation, verify the exact constitutional text, applicable amendment history, Presidential Orders and binding judicial decisions relevant to the issue.