What is Proof of documents by primary evidence What are Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given Section 64 and 65 of Indian Evidence Act 1872

Proof of documents by primary evidence Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given are defined under section 64 and 65 of Indian Evidence Act 1872. Provisions under these sections are:

Section 64 of Evidence Act "Proof of documents by primary evidence"

Documents must be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned.

Section 65 of Evidence Act "Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given"

Secondary evidence may be given of the existence, condition, or contents of a documents in the following cases:-

(a) When the original is shown or appears to be in the possession or power -
of the person against whom the document is sought to be proved , or of any person out of reach of, or not subject to, the process of the Court or of any person legally bound to produce it, and when, after the notice mentioned in section 66, such person does not produce it;

(b) when the existence, condition or contents of the original have been proved to be admitted in writing by the person against whom it is proved or by his representative in interest;

(c) when the original has been destroyed or lost, or when the party offering evidence of its contents cannot, for any other reason not arising from his own default or neglect, produce it in reasonable time;

(d) when the original is of such a nature as not to be easily movable;

(e) when the original is public document within the meaning of section 74;

(f) when the original is a document of which a certified copy is permitted by this Act, or by any other law in force in [India] to be given in evidence ;

(g) when the originals consist of numerous accounts or other documents which cannot conveniently be examined in court and the fact to be proved it the general result of the whole collection.

In cases (a), (c) and (d), any secondary evidence of the contents of the document is admissible.
In case (b), the written admission is admissible.

In case (e) or (f), a certified copy of the document, but no other kind of secondary evidence, admissible.

In case (g), evidence may be given as to the general result of the documents by any person who has examined them, and who is skilled in the examination of such documents.