Section 115 of Evidence Act "Estoppel"
When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing.
Illustration
A intentionally and falsely leads B to believe that
certain land belongs to A, and thereby induces B to buy
and pay for it.
The land afterwards becomes the property of A, and A
seeks to set aside the sale on the ground that, at the
time the sale, he had not title. He must not be allowed
to prove his want to title.
Section 116 of Evidence Act "Estoppel of tenant; and of license of person in possession"
No tenant of immovable property or person claiming through such tenant, shall, during the continuance of the tenancy, be permitted to deny that the landlord of such tenant had, at the beginning of the tenancy, a title to such immovable property; and no person who came upon any immovable property by the license of the person in possession thereof, shall be permitted to deny that such person had a title to such possession at the time when license was given.
Section 117 of Evidence Act "Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee"
No acceptor of a bill of exchange shall be permitted to
deny that the drawer had authority to draw such bill or to
endorse it; nor shall any bailee or licensee be permitted to
deny that his bailor or licensor had, at the time when the
bailment or license commenced, authority to make such
bailment or grant such license.
Explanation 1. - The acceptor of a bill of exchange may deny
that the bill was really drawn by the person by whom it
purports to have been drawn.
Explanation 2.- If a bailee delivers the goods bailed to a
person other than the bailor, he may prove that such person
had a right to them as against the bailor.