Plea Bargaining Application under Section 290 BNSS / Section 265B CrPC in a State Case

This specimen provides an updated application and affidavit for an accused seeking plea bargaining in a State case instituted on a police report. Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), plea bargaining is governed by Chapter XXIII, Sections 289 to 300. Section 290 BNSS is the current provision for filing the application and corresponds broadly to former Section 265B of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

Current-law position: An eligible accused may file the plea-bargaining application under Section 290 BNSS within 30 days from the date of framing of charge in the court where the offence is pending for trial. The application must contain a brief description of the case and offence and must be accompanied by the accused's affidavit establishing voluntariness, understanding of the punishment, and absence of a previous conviction for the same offence.

When Can Plea Bargaining Be Used in a State or Police-Report Case?

Section 289 BNSS applies, among other cases, where the officer in charge of a police station has forwarded a police report under Section 193 alleging commission of an offence that falls within the plea-bargaining framework.

The remedy does not apply where the offence is punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term exceeding seven years. It is also excluded where the offence affects the socio-economic condition of the country as notified by the Central Government, or where the offence has been committed against a woman or a child. Section 300 excludes juveniles and children as defined under the Juvenile Justice law.

Eligibility must be checked before filing: The punishment prescribed for the alleged offence, the notified socio-economic exclusions, the identity of the victim, any special enactment governing the offence, and the previous-conviction requirement may determine whether plea bargaining is legally available.

CrPC and BNSS Plea Bargaining Sections

CrPC, 1973BNSS, 2023Subject
Section 265ASection 289Application of the Chapter
Section 265BSection 290Application for plea bargaining
Section 265CSection 291Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition
Section 265DSection 292Report of mutually satisfactory disposition
Section 265ESection 293Disposal of case
Section 265FSection 294Judgment of Court
Section 265GSection 295Finality of judgment
Section 265HSection 296Power of Court in plea bargaining
Section 265-ISection 297Set-off of detention undergone
Section 265JSection 298Savings
Section 265KSection 299Statements of accused not to be used
Section 265LSection 300Non-application to juvenile or child

Plea Bargaining Application Format in a State Case

For proceedings saved under the CrPC: Where a pending proceeding continues under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 by virtue of the BNSS repeal-and-savings provision, the corresponding references may continue to be Section 173 CrPC for the police report and Section 265B CrPC for the plea-bargaining application. The applicable procedural law should be checked from the case record.

Affidavit in Support of Plea Bargaining Application

Procedure After Filing the Plea Bargaining Application

After the application is received, Section 290 requires the Court to issue notice to the Public Prosecutor or complainant, as applicable, and to the accused. The Court examines the accused in camera, without the other party being present, to satisfy itself that the application has been filed voluntarily.

If the Court is satisfied about voluntariness, it may allow a period not exceeding 60 days for working out a mutually satisfactory disposition. In a police-report case, Section 291 requires participation of the Public Prosecutor, the investigating police officer, the accused and the victim. The Court must ensure that the process remains voluntary.

If a mutually satisfactory disposition is reached, the Court prepares the statutory report under Section 292 and disposes of the case under Section 293. The judgment is delivered under Section 294. Section 295 deals with finality, and Section 299 protects the accused by providing that statements or facts stated in the plea-bargaining application cannot be used for any other purpose except the plea-bargaining Chapter.