CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
What is Short Title? Short tile is defined under Section 1 of Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
This Act may be called the Negotiable Instruments
Act, 1881.
Local extent, saving of usage relating to hundis,
etc., commencement: It extends to the whole of India
; but nothing herein contained affects the Indian
Paper Currency Act, 1871 (3 of 1871), section 21, or
affects any local usage relating to any instrument
in an oriental language:
PROVIDED that such usages may be excluded by any
words in the body of the instrument, which indicate an
intention that the legal relations of the parties
thereto shall be governed by this Act; and it shall come
into force on the first day of March, 1882.
[Rep. by the Amending Act, 1891 (12 of 1891), sec. 2 and Sch. I, part I.]
In this Act-
"Banker" : "banker" includes any person acting as a banker and
any post office savings bank.
CHAPTER II NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES
Section 9 - Holder in Due Course
Section 10 - Payment in due Course
Section 11 - Inland Instrument
Section 12 - Foreign Instrument
Section 13 - Negotiable Instrument
Section 16 - Endorsement in blank and in full endorsee
Section 17 - Ambiguous instruments
Section 18 - Where amount is stated differently in figures and words
Section 19 - Instruments payable on demand
Section 20 - Inchoate stamped instruments
Section 21 - At sight, On presentment, After sight
Section 23 - Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight
Section 24 - Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight
Section 25 - When day of maturity is a holiday
CHAPTER III PARTIES TO NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES
Section 26 - Capacity to make, etc., the promissory notes, etc
Section 28 - Liability of agent signing
Section 29 - Liability of legal representative signing
Section 30 - Liability of drawer
Section 31 - Liability of drawee of cheque
Section 32 - Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill
Section 33 - Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour
Section 34 - Acceptance by several drawees not partners
Section 35 - Liability of indorser
Section 36 - Liability of prior parties to holder in due course
Section 37 - Maker, drawer and acceptor principals
Section 38 - Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party
Section 40 - Discharge of indorser's liability
Section 41 - Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged
Section 42 - Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name
Section 43 - Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration
Section 44 - Partial absence or failure of money-consideration
Section 45 - Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money
Section 45A - Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill
CHAPTER IV OF NEGOTIATION
Section 47 - Negotiation by delivery
Section - 48 Negotiation by indorsement
Section 49 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 50 - Effect of indorsement
Section 51 - Who may negotiate
Section 52 -Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional
Section 53 - Holder deriving title from holder in due course
Section 54 - Instrument indorsed in blank
Section 55 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 56 - Indorsement for part of sum due
Section 57 - Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased
Section 58 - Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration
Section 59 - Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue
Section 60 - Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction
CHAPTER V OF PRESENTMENT
Section 61 - Presentment for acceptance
Section 62 - Presentment of promissory note for sight
Section 63 - Drawee's time for deliberation
Section 64 - Presentment for payment
Section 65 - Hours for presentment
Section 66 - Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight
Section 67 - Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by installments
Section 68 - Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere
Section 69 - Instrument payable at specified place
Section 70 - Presentment where no exclusive place specified
Section 71 - Presentment when maker, etc., has no known place of business or residence
Section 72 - Presentment of cheque to charge drawer
Section 73 - Presentment of cheque to charge any other person
Section 74 - Presentment of instrument payable on demand
Section 75 - Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent
Section 75A - Excuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment
Section 76 - When presentment unnecessary
Section 77 - Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment
CHAPTER VI OF PAYMENT AND INTEREST
Section 78 - To whom payment should be made
Section 79 - Interest when rate specified
Section 80 - Interest when no rate specified
Section 81 - Delivery of instrument on payment, or indemnity in case of loss
CHAPTER VII OF DISCHARGE FROM LIABILITY ON NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES
Section 82 - Discharge from liability
Section 83 - Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept
Section 84 - When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby
Section 85 - Cheque payable to order
Section 85A - Drafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order
Section 86 - Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance
Section 87 - Effect of material alteration
Section 88 - Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration
Section 89 - Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent
Section 90 - Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands
CHAPTER VIII OF NOTICE OF DISHONOUR
Section 91 - Dishonour by non-acceptance
Section 92 - Dishonour by non-payment
Section 93 - By and to whom notice should be given
Section 94 - Mode in which notice may be given
Section 95 - Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour
Section 96 - Agent for presentment
Section 97 - When party to whom notice given is dead
Section 98 - When notice of dishonour is unnecessary
CHAPTER IX OF NOTING AND PROTEST
Section 101 - Contents of protest
Section 102 - Notice of protest
Section 103 - Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance
Section 104 - Protest of foreign bills
Section 104A - When noting equivalent to protest
CHAPTER X OF REASONABLE TIME
Section 106 - Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour
Section 107 - Reasonable time for transmitting such notice
CHAPTER XI OF ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR HONOUR AND REFERENCE IN CASE OF NEED
Section 108 - Acceptance for honour
Section 109 - How acceptance for honour must be made
Section 110 - Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made
Section 111 - Liability of acceptor for honour
Section 112 - When acceptor for honour may be charged
Section 113 - Payment for honour
Section 114 - Right of payer for honour
Section 115 - Drawee in case of need
Section 116 - Acceptance and payment without protest
CHAPTER XII OF COMPENSATION
Section 117 - Rules as to compensation
CHAPTER XIII SPECIAL RULES OF EVIDENCE
Section 118 - Presumptions as to negotiable instruments
Section 119 - Presumption on proof of protest
Section 120 - Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument
Section 121 - Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse
Section 122 - Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party
CHAPTER XIV OF CROSSED CHEQUES
Section 123 - Cheque crossed generally
Section 124 - Cheque crossed specially
Section 125 - Crossing after issue
Section 126 - Payment of cheque crossed generally
Section 127 - Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once
Section 128 - Payment in due course of crossed cheque
Section 129 - Payment of crossed cheque out of due course
Section 130 - Cheque bearing not negotiable
Section 131 - Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque
Section 131A - Application of Chapter to drafts
CHAPTER XV OF BILLS IN SETS
Section 133 - Holder of first acquired part entitled to all
CHAPTER XVI OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Section 134 - Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument
Section 135 - Law of place of payment governs dishonour
Section 136 - Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India
Section 137 - Presumption as to Foreign Law
CHAPTER XVII OF PENALTIES IN CASE OF DISHONOUR OF CERTAIN CHEQUES FOR INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS IN THE ACCOUNTS
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account
Section 139 - Presumption in favour of holder
Section 140 - Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138
Section 141 - Offences by companies
Section 142 - Cognizance of offences
Section 143 - Power of Court to try cases summarily
Section 144 - Mode of service of summons
Section 145 - Evidence on affidavit
Section 146 - Bank's slip prima facie evidence of certain facts
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